Ngonyoka Anibariki, Gwakisa Paul S, Estes Anna B, Nnko Happiness J, Hudson Peter J, Cattadori Isabella M
Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology. School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Arusha, Tanzania.
Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Dodoma, Tanzania.
J Vector Ecol. 2017 Jun;42(1):34-43. doi: 10.1111/jvec.12237.
Human activities modify ecosystem structure and function and can also alter the vital rates of vectors and thus the risk of infection with vector-borne diseases. In the Maasai Steppe ecosystem of northern Tanzania, local communities depend on livestock and suitable pasture that is shared with wildlife, which can increase tsetse abundance and the risk of trypanosomiasis. We monitored the monthly tsetse fly abundance adjacent to Tarangire National Park in 2014-2015 using geo-referenced, baited epsilon traps. We examined the effect of habitat types and vegetation greenness (NDVI) on the relative abundance of tsetse fly species. Host availability (livestock and wildlife) was also recorded within 100×100 m of each trap site. The highest tsetse abundance was found in the ecotone between Acacia-Commiphora woodland and grassland, and the lowest in riverine woodland. Glossina swynnertoni was the most abundant species (68%) trapped throughout the entire study, while G. pallidipes was the least common (4%). Relative species abundance was negatively associated with NDVI, with greatest abundance observed in the dry season. The relationship with the abundance of wildlife and livestock was more complex, as we found positive and negative associations depending on the host and fly species. While habitat is important for tsetse distribution, hosts also play a critical role in affecting fly abundance and, potentially, trypanosomiasis risk.
人类活动会改变生态系统的结构和功能，还能改变病媒的生命率，进而改变虫媒传播疾病的感染风险。在坦桑尼亚北部的马赛草原生态系统中，当地社区依赖与野生动物共享的牲畜和适宜牧场，这可能会增加采采蝇的数量以及锥虫病的风险。2014年至2015年，我们使用地理参考的诱饵ε型诱捕器监测了塔兰吉雷国家公园附近每月的采采蝇数量。我们研究了栖息地类型和植被绿度（归一化植被指数）对采采蝇物种相对数量的影响。还在每个诱捕点100×100米范围内记录了宿主的可获得性（牲畜和野生动物）。采采蝇数量最高的区域是金合欢 - 没药林地与草原之间的生态交错带，而河边林地的数量最低。斯温氏舌蝇是整个研究过程中捕获量最多的物种（68%），而淡足舌蝇最不常见（4%）。物种相对数量与归一化植被指数呈负相关，在旱季观察到的数量最多。与野生动物和牲畜数量的关系更为复杂，因为我们发现根据宿主和蝇类物种的不同存在正相关和负相关。虽然栖息地对采采蝇的分布很重要，但宿主在影响蝇类数量以及潜在的锥虫病风险方面也起着关键作用。
