Denney Liya, Afeiche Myriam C, Eldridge Alison L, Villalpando-Carrión Salvador
Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, National Institute of Health, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2017 May 13;9(5):494. doi: 10.3390/nu9050494.
Food sources of nutrients in Mexican children are not well known. To fill the knowledge gap, dietary intake was assessed in 2057 children using a 24-hour dietary recall. All reported foods and beverages were assigned to one of 76 food groups. Percent contribution of each food group to nutrient intake was estimated for four age groups: 0-5.9, 6-11.9, 12-23.9, and 24-47.9 months. Breast milk, infant formula, and cow's milk were the top sources of energy and nutrients, especially in younger groups. Among infants aged 6-11.9 months, the top food sources of energy included soups and stews, cookies, fruit, tortillas, eggs and egg dishes, and traditional beverages. The same foods plus sweetened breads, dried beans, and sandwiches and tortas were consumed as the top sources of energy among toddlers and young children. Milk, soups, and stews were the top contributors for all nutrients and tortillas, eggs, and egg dishes were among the top contributors for iron and zinc. This study showed that low nutrient-dense cookies, sweetened breads, and traditional beverages were among the core foods consumed early in life in Mexico. This compromises the intake of more nutritious foods such as vegetables and fortified cereals and increases the risk of obesity.
墨西哥儿童营养物质的食物来源尚不为人所知。为填补这一知识空白，研究人员通过24小时饮食回顾法对2057名儿童的饮食摄入量进行了评估。所有报告的食物和饮料都被归入76个食物类别中的一类。研究估计了四个年龄组（0 - 5.9个月、6 - 11.9个月、12 - 23.9个月和24 - 47.9个月）中每个食物类别对营养摄入的贡献百分比。母乳、婴儿配方奶粉和牛奶是能量和营养物质的主要来源，尤其是在年龄较小的组中。在6 - 11.9个月大的婴儿中，能量的主要食物来源包括汤和炖菜、饼干、水果、玉米饼、鸡蛋及蛋类菜肴，以及传统饮料。学步儿童和幼儿摄入的能量主要来源与上述食物相同，另外还有甜面包、干豆、三明治和玉米粉蒸肉。牛奶、汤和炖菜是所有营养物质的主要贡献来源，而玉米饼、鸡蛋及蛋类菜肴是铁和锌的主要贡献来源之一。这项研究表明，营养密度低的饼干、甜面包和传统饮料是墨西哥儿童早期食用的核心食物。这不利于蔬菜和强化谷物等更有营养的食物的摄入，并增加了肥胖风险。
