Mahasneh Amjad, Al-Shaheri Fawaz, Jamal Eshraq
Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Exp Mol Pathol. 2017 Jun;102(3):475-483. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.05.005. Epub 2017 May 12.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. Globally, it has been estimated that about 1.4 million new cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed every year. CRC is a multifactorial disease that arises due to genetics as well as epigenetic alterations in a number of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, mismatch repair genes, as well as cell cycle regulating genes in colon mucosal cells. These molecular alterations have been considered as potential CRC biomarkers because they can provide the physicians with diagnostic, prognostic and treatment response information. The goal is to identify relevant, cheap and applicable biomarkers that contribute to patient management decisions, resulting in direct benefits to patients. In this review, we will outline the most currently available and developing tumor tools, and blood molecular biomarkers. Also, we will illustrate their diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic applications.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见癌症。据估计，全球每年约有140万例新的结直肠癌病例被诊断出来。CRC是一种多因素疾病，它是由结肠黏膜细胞中多种癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因、错配修复基因以及细胞周期调节基因的遗传和表观遗传改变引起的。这些分子改变被认为是潜在的CRC生物标志物，因为它们可以为医生提供诊断、预后和治疗反应信息。目标是识别出有助于患者管理决策的相关、廉价且适用的生物标志物，从而直接造福患者。在本综述中，我们将概述目前最常用和正在开发的肿瘤检测工具及血液分子生物标志物。此外，我们还将阐述它们在诊断、治疗和预后方面的应用。
