Singh Vivek K, Rai Pradeep K
School of Physics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, 182320, J&K, India.
Department of Nephrology, Opal Hospital, DLW Road, Varanasi, UP, 221010, India.
Biophys Rev. 2014 Dec;6(3-4):291-310. doi: 10.1007/s12551-014-0144-4. Epub 2014 Jul 31.
Kidney stone disease is a polygenic and multifactorial disorder with a worldwide distribution, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing. Although significant progress has been made in recent years towards identifying the specific factors that contribute to the formation of kidney stone, many questions on the pathogenesis of kidney stones remain partially or completely unanswered. However, none of the proposed mechanisms specifically consider the role(s) of the trace elements and, consequently, the contribution of trace constituents to the pathogenesis of kidney stones remains unclear and under debate. The findings of some studies seem to support a role for some major and trace elements in the initiation of stone crystallization, including as a nucleus or nidus for the formation of the stone or simply as a contaminant of the stone structure. Thus, the analysis of kidney stones is an important component of investigations on nephrolithiasis in order to understand the role of trace constituents in the formation of kidney stones and to formulate future strategies for the treatment and prevention of stone formation and its recurrence. The aim of this review is to compare and evaluate the methods/procedures commonly used in the analysis of urinary calculi. We also highlight the role of major and trace elements in the pathogenesis of kidney stones.
肾结石病是一种具有全球分布的多基因和多因素疾病，其发病率和患病率正在上升。尽管近年来在确定导致肾结石形成的具体因素方面取得了重大进展，但关于肾结石发病机制的许多问题仍部分或完全未得到解答。然而，所提出的机制均未特别考虑微量元素的作用，因此，微量成分对肾结石发病机制的贡献仍不明确且存在争议。一些研究结果似乎支持某些主要和微量元素在结石结晶起始过程中发挥作用，包括作为结石形成的核心或病灶，或仅仅作为结石结构的污染物。因此，对肾结石的分析是肾结石病研究的重要组成部分，以便了解微量成分在肾结石形成中的作用，并制定未来治疗和预防结石形成及其复发的策略。本综述的目的是比较和评估尿结石分析中常用的方法/程序。我们还强调了主要和微量元素在肾结石发病机制中的作用。
