Noctor Graham, Queval Guillaume, Mhamdi Amna, Chaouch Sejir, Foyer Christine H
Arabidopsis Book. 2011;9:e0142. doi: 10.1199/tab.0142. Epub 2011 Feb 18.
Glutathione is a simple sulfur compound composed of three amino acids and the major non-protein thiol in many organisms, including plants. The functions of glutathione are manifold but notably include redox-homeostatic buffering. Glutathione status is modulated by oxidants as well as by nutritional and other factors, and can influence protein structure and activity through changes in thiol-disulfide balance. For these reasons, glutathione is a transducer that integrates environmental information into the cellular network. While the mechanistic details of this function remain to be fully elucidated, accumulating evidence points to important roles for glutathione and glutathione-dependent proteins in phytohormone signaling and in defense against biotic stress. Work in Arabidopsis is beginning to identify the processes that govern glutathione status and that link it to signaling pathways. As well as providing an overview of the components that regulate glutathione homeostasis (synthesis, degradation, transport, and redox turnover), the present discussion considers the roles of this metabolite in physiological processes such as light signaling, cell death, and defense against microbial pathogen and herbivores.
谷胱甘肽是一种由三种氨基酸组成的简单含硫化合物，是包括植物在内的许多生物体中主要的非蛋白质硫醇。谷胱甘肽的功能多种多样，但特别包括氧化还原稳态缓冲。谷胱甘肽的状态受氧化剂以及营养和其他因素的调节，并可通过硫醇 - 二硫键平衡的变化影响蛋白质结构和活性。由于这些原因，谷胱甘肽是一种将环境信息整合到细胞网络中的传感器。虽然该功能的机制细节仍有待充分阐明，但越来越多的证据表明谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽依赖性蛋白在植物激素信号传导和抵御生物胁迫中起重要作用。拟南芥的研究开始确定控制谷胱甘肽状态并将其与信号通路联系起来的过程。除了概述调节谷胱甘肽稳态的成分（合成、降解、运输和氧化还原周转）外，本讨论还考虑了这种代谢物在生理过程中的作用，如信号传导、细胞死亡以及抵御微生物病原体和食草动物。
