Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2017 Sep;182:406-415. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.049. Epub 2017 May 11.
Depurated effluents can be employed as reclaimed water for irrigation in regions with low precipitations, while nutrients-rich biosolids are usually applied as fertilizer for agricultural purposes. However, both practices may result in the accumulation of micropollutants in the soil compartment, the contamination of groundwater, and/or their biotransfer to different living organisms until they finally may reach human receptors. The fate and transport of seven pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) with different physicochemical properties was analysed for these scenarios employing two different models: the buckets model and the HYDRUS-1D software package. The results indicated that these compounds have a low potential to contaminate groundwater in the type of soil under study (silty loam), although triclosan tended to accumulate in the top layers of the soil. Similar conclusions were reached through both models, although they predicted different solute plant uptake and accumulation patterns of the evaluated compounds. Therefore, the buckets model can be considered as an adequate option to perform a screening level assessment of these compounds. However, HYDRUS-1D could provide more information on the fate of pharmaceuticals in soil, thus contributing to reduce the uncertainty already associated to PPCPs. Additionally, the significant difference of the Hazard Index (HI) obtained from a human health risk assessment performed using the estimated soil concentrations from both models also contributed to recommend the use of a model that considers all the relevant mechanisms of mass transfer to reduce overestimation of risk.
经净化处理的废水可用于降雨量较低地区的灌溉，而富营养生物固体通常作为肥料用于农业用途。然而，这两种做法都可能导致土壤中积累微量污染物、地下水污染，和/或它们向不同生物体的生物转移，直到最终可能到达人类受体。本研究采用两种不同模型：桶模型和 HYDRUS-1D 软件包，分析了 7 种具有不同物理化学特性的药物和个人护理产品（PPCPs）在这些场景下的归宿和传输。结果表明，这些化合物在研究土壤类型（粉质壤土）中对地下水的污染潜力较低，尽管三氯生倾向于在土壤的表层积累。尽管这两种模型预测了不同的溶质植物吸收和评估化合物的积累模式，但它们得出了类似的结论。因此，桶模型可被视为对这些化合物进行筛选水平评估的合适选择。然而，HYDRUS-1D 可以提供更多关于药物在土壤中归宿的信息，从而有助于降低已经与 PPCPs 相关的不确定性。此外，使用这两种模型估算的土壤浓度进行人体健康风险评估得到的危害指数（HI）存在显著差异，这也有助于推荐使用考虑所有相关质量转移机制的模型，以减少风险的高估。
