Ürkek Bayram, Şengül Mustafa, Erkaya Tuba, Aksakal Vecihi
Department of Food Processing, Siran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational High School, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey.
Department of Food Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. 2017;37(2):264-273. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.2.264. Epub 2017 Apr 30.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of production systems and milk collection periods on the somatic cell count (SCC), some microbiological properties, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform, (), yeast and mould) and antibiotic residue of milk; in Turkey. Milk samples were collected from 9 conventional farms and 9 organic farms during one year time, at six different months (December 2013 to October 2014), and all farms were selected from the same geographical locations. All organically managed farms had organic production certificates given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The count of TAMB, coliform, and coagulase positive were affected by production systems at the level of <0.01; yeast and mold, and somatic cell count (SCC) were affected at the level of <0.05. But, differences according to months were statistically significant only on TAMB (<0.01) and coliform (<0.05) counts. The general means of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould counts of the organic milk (OM) were significantly lower (<0.05), while the general means of SCC and coagulase positive count of the OM was significantly higher (<0.05) compared to conventional milk (CM). Antibiotic residue was determined in one of the CM sample and in two of the OM samples. Our study is the first research that compared conventional and organic milk in Turkey. This study indicated that the microbiological quality of OM was the higher in terms of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould, whereas was the lower in relation to SCC and coagulase positive counts. But, the quality of both milk types should be improved.
本研究旨在调查土耳其生产系统和牛奶采集时期对牛奶体细胞计数（SCC）、一些微生物特性、总需氧嗜温菌（TAMB）、大肠菌群、（此处原文括号不完整）、酵母和霉菌以及抗生素残留的影响。在一年时间内，于六个不同月份（2013年12月至2014年10月）从9个传统农场和9个有机农场采集牛奶样本，所有农场均选自相同地理位置。所有有机管理农场均持有土耳其共和国食品、农业和畜牧业部颁发的有机生产证书。TAMB、大肠菌群和凝固酶阳性菌的计数受生产系统影响，显著水平为<0.01；酵母和霉菌以及体细胞计数（SCC）受影响，显著水平为<0.05。但是，根据月份的差异仅在TAMB计数（<0.01）和大肠菌群计数（<0.05）上具有统计学意义。与传统牛奶（CM）相比，有机牛奶（OM）的TAMB、大肠菌群以及酵母和霉菌计数的总体平均值显著更低（<0.05），而OM的SCC和凝固酶阳性菌计数的总体平均值显著更高（<0.05）。在一份CM样本和两份OM样本中检测到抗生素残留。我们的研究是土耳其第一项比较传统牛奶和有机牛奶的研究。该研究表明，就TAMB、大肠菌群以及酵母和霉菌而言，OM的微生物质量更高，而在SCC和凝固酶阳性菌计数方面则更低。但是，两种牛奶类型的质量都应得到改善。
