The Biofilm Matrix: Composition, Structure and Function.

A majority of infections caused by -the most frequent fungal pathogen-are associated with biofilm formation. A salient feature of biofilms is the presence of the biofilm matrix. This matrix is composed of exopolymeric materials secreted by sessile cells within the biofilm, in which all classes of macromolecules are represented, and provides protection against environmental challenges. In this review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated during the last two decades on the composition, structure, and function of the biofilm matrix. Knowledge of the matrix components, its structure, and function will help pave the way to novel strategies to combat biofilm infections.