Webster Michael A, Tregillus Katherine E M
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno;
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno.
J Vis Exp. 2017 Apr 24(122):54038. doi: 10.3791/54038.
Many techniques have been developed to visualize how an image would appear to an individual with a different visual sensitivity: e.g., because of optical or age differences, or a color deficiency or disease. This protocol describes a technique for incorporating sensory adaptation into the simulations. The protocol is illustrated with the example of color vision, but is generally applicable to any form of visual adaptation. The protocol uses a simple model of human color vision based on standard and plausible assumptions about the retinal and cortical mechanisms encoding color and how these adjust their sensitivity to both the average color and range of color in the prevailing stimulus. The gains of the mechanisms are adapted so that their mean response under one context is equated for a different context. The simulations help reveal the theoretical limits of adaptation and generate "adapted images" that are optimally matched to a specific environment or observer. They also provide a common metric for exploring the effects of adaptation within different observers or different environments. Characterizing visual perception and performance with these images provides a novel tool for studying the functions and consequences of long-term adaptation in vision or other sensory systems.
例如，由于光学或年龄差异、色觉缺陷或疾病。本方案描述了一种将感官适应纳入模拟的技术。该方案以颜色视觉为例进行说明，但通常适用于任何形式的视觉适应。该方案使用了一个基于对编码颜色的视网膜和皮层机制以及这些机制如何调整其对主要刺激中的平均颜色和颜色范围的敏感度的标准且合理假设的人类颜色视觉简单模型。这些机制的增益会进行调整，以便它们在一种情境下的平均反应与另一种情境下相等。这些模拟有助于揭示适应的理论极限，并生成与特定环境或观察者最佳匹配的“适应图像”。它们还提供了一个通用指标，用于探索不同观察者或不同环境中适应的效果。用这些图像来表征视觉感知和表现为研究视觉或其他感觉系统中长期适应的功能和后果提供了一种新颖的工具。
