Beall Cynthia M, Brittenham Gary M, Macuaga Francisco, Barragan Mario
Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-2699.
Am J Hum Biol. 1990;2(6):639-651. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310020607.
This paper presents data on hemoglobin concentration in a rural Andean sample at 3,800-3,900 m and incorporates them into a review intended to evaluate possible sources of the range of variation in mean hemoglobin concentration among samples obtained at high altitude. Between 3,400 and 4,000 m, rural Himalayan highlanders average 1.4 gm/dl lower mean hemoglobin concentration than rural Andean highlanders. With respect to potential causes of anemia, it is concluded that the relatively low values of rural Himalyan populations are not explicable by lower hypoxic stress or different techniques of obtaining and analyzing blood samples and are probably not explicable by nutritional deficiency and disease. With respect to potential causes of polycythemia within Andean populations, it is concluded that the somewhat higher values of some mining and urban samples of Andean higlanders may not be due to the mining occupation per se but may be due partly to the inclusion of European and mestizo (with at most 500 years of high-altitude ancestry) along with Amerindian highlanders (with millenia of high-altitude ancestry) as well as to the inclusion of highlanders living well above their own habitual altitudes of residence. The Andean polycythemia is probably not due to obesity, high androgen levels, or frequent intermittent hypoxemia during sleep. The effect of heavy smoking cannot be evaluated. Further work on hematological adaptation to high altitude must pay special attention to sample characteristics.
本文展示了安第斯山区农村样本在海拔3800 - 3900米处的血红蛋白浓度数据，并将其纳入一项综述，旨在评估在高海拔地区采集的样本中，平均血红蛋白浓度变化范围的可能来源。在海拔3400米至4000米之间，喜马拉雅山区农村高地人的平均血红蛋白浓度比安第斯山区农村高地人低1.4克/分升。关于贫血的潜在原因，得出的结论是，喜马拉雅山区农村人群相对较低的值，无法用较低的缺氧应激、采集和分析血样的不同技术来解释，也可能无法用营养缺乏和疾病来解释。关于安第斯人群中红细胞增多症的潜在原因，得出的结论是，安第斯高地人一些采矿和城市样本中略高的值，可能并非由于采矿职业本身，而是部分由于样本中纳入了欧洲人和混血儿（最多有500年的高海拔祖先）以及美洲印第安高地人（有几千年的高海拔祖先），还由于纳入了居住在远高于其习惯居住海拔高度的高地人。安第斯人群的红细胞增多症可能不是由于肥胖、高雄激素水平或睡眠期间频繁的间歇性低氧血症。重度吸烟的影响无法评估。关于血液学对高海拔适应的进一步研究必须特别关注样本特征。
