Beall C M, Reichsman A B
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1984 Mar;63(3):301-6. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330630306.
This report presents data on hemoglobin concentrations in a sample of Himalayan high altitude natives measured at their habitual altitude of residence. In this sample of 270 healthy Tibetan adults resident at 3250-3560 m in Upper Chumik , Nepal, the mean hemoglobin concentration is 16.1 +/- 1.2 gm/dl among adult males, 14.4 +/- 1.4 gm/dl among premenopausal and 15.0 +/- 1.1 gm/dl among postmenopausal adult females. 123 of 126 (98%) males, 96 of 100 (96%) premenopausal and 36 of 44 (82%) postmenopausal females have hemoglobin concentrations within two standard deviations of the sea level mean. These data demonstrate that a healthy population may reside at high altitude without the degree of elevation in hemoglobin widely known and cited for Andean highlanders. Comparing published data on mean hemoglobin concentrations of adult Himalayan and Andean samples residing between 3200 m and 4100 m reveals that Himalayan means are systematically lower. This in turn may account for the reported population differences in the prevalence of chronic mountain sickness ( Monge 's disease). It is hypothesized that Himalayan and Andean highlanders represent alternative patterns of high altitude hematological adaptation.
本报告展示了对居住在喜马拉雅高海拔地区的当地居民样本进行血红蛋白浓度测量的数据，测量地点为他们习惯居住的海拔高度。在尼泊尔上楚米克海拔3250 - 3560米居住的270名健康藏族成年人样本中，成年男性的平均血红蛋白浓度为16.1±1.2克/分升，绝经前成年女性为14.4±1.4克/分升，绝经后成年女性为15.0±1.1克/分升。126名男性中有123名（98%）、100名绝经前女性中有96名（96%）以及44名绝经后女性中有36名（82%）的血红蛋白浓度在海平面平均值的两个标准差范围内。这些数据表明，健康人群可以居住在高海拔地区，而不会出现安第斯高地人那种广为人知且常被引用的血红蛋白升高程度。比较已发表的关于居住在3200米至4100米之间的成年喜马拉雅和安第斯样本的平均血红蛋白浓度数据发现，喜马拉雅地区的平均值系统性地更低。这反过来可能解释了所报道的慢性高山病（蒙氏病）患病率的人群差异。据推测，喜马拉雅和安第斯高地人代表了高海拔血液学适应的不同模式。
