Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jun;76(6):1013-1024. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.11.022.
Botulinum toxin is a potentially deadly anaerobic bacterial toxin that acts by inhibiting release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting contraction of the exposed striated muscle. There are currently 4 botulinum toxin preparations approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): onabotulinumtoxin, abobotulinumtoxin, incobotulinumtoxin and rimabotulinumtoxin. While significant overlap exists, each product has unique properties and specifications, including dosing, diffusion, and storage. Extensive physician knowledge of facial anatomy, coupled with key differences of the various neurotoxin types, is essential for safe and successful treatments. The first article in this continuing medical education series reviews key characteristics of each neurotoxin, including new and upcoming agents, and provides an anatomic overview of the most commonly injected cosmetic sites.
肉毒毒素是一种潜在致命的厌氧细菌毒素，通过抑制运动神经元末梢释放乙酰胆碱，从而抑制暴露的横纹肌收缩。目前美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准了 4 种肉毒毒素制剂：肉毒毒素 A、肉毒毒素 B、肉毒毒素 C 和肉毒毒素 D。虽然存在显著的重叠，但每种产品都具有独特的特性和规格，包括剂量、扩散和储存。医生对面部解剖结构有深入的了解，加上各种神经毒素类型的关键差异，对于安全和成功的治疗至关重要。本继续医学教育系列的第一篇文章综述了每种神经毒素的关键特征，包括新型和即将推出的制剂，并提供了最常注射美容部位的解剖概述。
