Marrone Nicole, Ingram Maia, Somoza Maria, Jacob Daisey Sánchez, Sanchez Adriana, Adamovich Stephanie, Harris Frances P
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Arizona Prevention Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Semin Hear. 2017 May;38(2):198-211. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1601575.
Interventional audiology, specifically community-based outreach, can connect people with the hearing health care system. Community-based participatory research methods were applied in two phases of research to: (1) investigate the needs of families affected by hearing loss in a rural Arizona community on the U.S.-Mexico border; and (2) evaluate an outreach program on hearing health. The needs assessment included interviews with persons with hearing loss and focus groups with family members and the greater community. The needs assessment revealed that despite perceived severity of hearing loss, help-seeking for audiologic care was limited due to barriers, stigma, and low self-efficacy. Results informed development of a community-based pilot study conducted as part of an academic-community partnership between audiology, public health, and community health workers of a federally qualified health center. An outreach program, (hearing wellness), a 5-week, Spanish-language health education program for older adults ( = 21) incorporated communication strategies and behavioral change techniques. Postprogram focus groups revealed increased self-efficacy and decreased stigma. After 1 year, 7 of 9 participants with hearing loss contacted for follow-up had sought some form of hearing-related health care. Future research should further investigate interventional audiology approaches to address health disparities.
介入听力学，特别是基于社区的外展服务，可以将人们与听力保健系统联系起来。基于社区的参与性研究方法应用于两个研究阶段，以：（1）调查美国-墨西哥边境亚利桑那州农村社区受听力损失影响的家庭的需求；（2）评估一项听力健康外展计划。需求评估包括对听力损失患者的访谈以及与家庭成员和更广泛社区的焦点小组讨论。需求评估显示，尽管人们意识到听力损失的严重性，但由于障碍、耻辱感和自我效能感低，寻求听力保健的行为有限。这些结果为一项基于社区的试点研究的开展提供了依据，该研究是听力学、公共卫生和一家联邦合格健康中心的社区卫生工作者之间学术-社区伙伴关系的一部分。一项外展计划（听力健康），是一项为期5周的针对老年人（n = 21）的西班牙语健康教育计划，纳入了沟通策略和行为改变技巧。计划后的焦点小组讨论显示自我效能感增强，耻辱感降低。1年后，9名接受随访的听力损失参与者中有7人寻求了某种形式的听力相关保健服务。未来的研究应进一步调查介入听力学方法以解决健康差距问题。
