Fîlfan Mădălina, Sandu Raluca Elena, Zăvăleanu Alexandra Daniela, GreşiŢă Andrei, Glăvan Daniela Gabriela, Olaru Denissa Greta, Popa-Wagner Aurel
Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, University of Medicine Essen, Germany;
Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2017;58(1):27-31.
Autophagy is a catabolic degradation system used to destroy and recycle the unnecessary or damaged components of a cell. Autophagy is present at a basal level in all mammals and is regulated by some conditions, such as oxidative stress, starvation or hypoxia. In aged tissues, increased but also decreased expression of autophagy-specific proteins, Beclin 1, LC3, Atg5 and Atg7 has been reported. Likewise, it could be shown that the lifespan of yeast, nematodes and flies is prolonged by pharmacologically stimulated autophagy using exogenous administered spermidine. Autophagy is potentially implicated in acute lung injury and sepsis, two main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Finally, a quite recent study supports the hypothesis that autophagy might be useful in vascular disease prevention by stimulating cholesterol efflux, which leads to inhibition of necrotic core formation and lipid accumulation. Since autophagy is also implicated in neuro-protection, in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease animal models and many others normal and pathological states, including immunity, diabetes mellitus, different kind of tumors, colorectal cancer, different inflammations, lung diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autophagy is of interest to many biomedical researchers.
自噬是一种分解代谢降解系统，用于破坏和回收细胞中不必要或受损的成分。自噬在所有哺乳动物中都以基础水平存在，并受某些条件调节，如氧化应激、饥饿或缺氧。在衰老组织中，已报道自噬特异性蛋白Beclin 1、LC3、Atg5和Atg7的表达增加但也有减少。同样，可以证明，通过使用外源性给予的亚精胺进行药理学刺激自噬，可延长酵母、线虫和果蝇的寿命。自噬可能与急性肺损伤和脓毒症有关，这是全球发病率和死亡率的两个主要原因。最后，一项最近的研究支持这样的假设，即自噬可能通过刺激胆固醇流出而有助于预防血管疾病，这会导致抑制坏死核心形成和脂质积累。由于自噬还与神经保护、阿尔茨海默病和亨廷顿病动物模型以及许多其他正常和病理状态有关，包括免疫、糖尿病、不同类型的肿瘤、结直肠癌、不同炎症、肺部疾病、神经退行性疾病，因此自噬受到许多生物医学研究人员的关注。
