Ulijaszek Stanley J
Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, England.
Am J Hum Biol. 1992;4(4):469-479. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310040406.
In nutritional studies of traditional societies, it is often assumed that dietary intakes are sufficiently homogeneous for dietary studies of short duration to be adequate for accurate assessment of group nutrient intake. The present study examines this assumption by considering food and nutrient intakes of 25 adult males in rural Papua New Guinea (PNG). Five-day weighed dietary intakes were carried out on each individual twice, with a 6-month interval between measurements. The two measurements corresponded to the times of year when the climate was wet and wetter. Energy intakes, at 167 and 169 kJ/kg body weight, were within the range of values reported by other authors for adult males in PNG. Intakes of protein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and calcium were low, while intakes of iron and vitamins A and C were above WHO (FAO/WHO, 1974) recommended daily allowances. Energy and nutrient intakes did not vary between the two times of year, with two exceptions: vitamin C and iron. Intakes of foods and food types varied between wet and wetter times, however. Within- and between-subject coefficients of variation of intakes of energy and six nutrients were used to calculate sample sizes needed to obtain estimates of group intakes at different levels of reliability and number of days of dietary measurement. This varied with the nutrient under consideration and the time of year. At a given level of reliability, accurate estimates of carbohydrate intake could be obtained with smaller sample sizes and/or number of days of observation than for energy, protein, and vitamin C intakes. Longer periods or larger samples would have been needed for the estimation of group vitamin A, fat, and calcium intakes. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
在对传统社会的营养研究中，人们常常假定，在进行短期饮食研究时，饮食摄入量具有足够的同质性，足以准确评估群体的营养素摄入量。本研究通过考察巴布亚新几内亚农村地区25名成年男性的食物和营养素摄入量，对这一假定进行了检验。对每个人进行了两次为期五天的称重饮食记录，两次测量之间间隔6个月。这两次测量分别对应一年中气候湿润和更湿润的时期。能量摄入量分别为167和169千焦/千克体重，处于其他作者报告的巴布亚新几内亚成年男性摄入量范围内。蛋白质、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸和钙的摄入量较低，而铁以及维生素A和C的摄入量高于世界卫生组织（粮农组织/世界卫生组织，1974年）建议的每日摄入量。能量和营养素摄入量在一年中的两个时期没有变化，但有两个例外：维生素C和铁。然而，湿润和更湿润时期的食物及食物种类摄入量有所不同。利用能量和六种营养素摄入量的个体内和个体间变异系数，计算了在不同可靠性水平和饮食测量天数下获得群体摄入量估计值所需的样本量。这随所考虑的营养素和一年中的时间而变化。在给定的可靠性水平下，与能量、蛋白质和维生素C摄入量相比，以较小的样本量和/或观察天数就能获得碳水化合物摄入量的准确估计值。估计群体维生素A、脂肪和钙的摄入量则需要更长的时间或更大的样本量。© 1992威利 - 利斯公司。
