Sagar Rajesh, Pattanayak Raman Deep, Chandrasekaran R, Chaudhury Pranit K, Deswal Balbir S, Lenin Singh R K, Malhotra Savita, Nizamie S Haque, Panchal Bharat N, Sudhakar T P, Trivedi J K, Varghese Mathew, Prasad Jagdish, Chatterji Somnath
Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Department of Psychiatry, Jawarharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2017 Jan-Mar;59(1):46-55. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_333_16.
Common mental disorders, such as mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, are significant contributors to disability globally, including India. Available research is, however, limited by methodological issues and heterogeneities.
The present paper focuses on the 12-month prevalence and 12-month treatment for anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in India.
As part of the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative, in India, the study was conducted at eleven sites. However, the current study focuses on the household sample of 24,371 adults (≥18 years) of eight districts of different states, covering rural and urban areas. Respondents were interviewed face-to-face using the WMH Composite International Diagnostic Interview after translation and country-specific adaptations. Diagnoses were generated as per the International Classification of Diseases, 10 edition, Diagnostic Criteria for Research.
Nearly 49.3% of the sample included males. The 12-month prevalence of common mental disorders was 5.52% - anxiety disorders (3.41%), mood disorders (1.44%), and substance use disorders (1.18%). Females had a relatively higher prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders, and lower prevalence of substance use disorders than males. The 12-month treatment for people with common mental disorders was 5.09% (range 1.66%-11.55% for individual disorders). The survey revealed a huge treatment gap of 95%, with only 5 out of 100 individuals with common mental disorders receiving any treatment over the past year.
The survey provides valuable data to understand the mental health needs and treatment gaps in the Indian population. Despite the 12-month prevalence study being restricted to selected mental disorders, these estimates are likely to be conservative due to under-reporting or inadequate detection due to cultural factors.
常见精神障碍，如情绪、焦虑和物质使用障碍，是包括印度在内的全球残疾的重要原因。然而，现有研究受到方法问题和异质性的限制。
本文关注印度焦虑、情绪和物质使用障碍的12个月患病率及12个月治疗情况。
作为世界卫生组织世界心理健康（WMH）调查倡议的一部分，该研究在印度的11个地点进行。然而，当前研究聚焦于来自不同邦8个地区的24371名成年人（≥18岁）的家庭样本，涵盖农村和城市地区。在进行翻译和针对特定国家的调整后，使用WMH综合国际诊断访谈对受访者进行面对面访谈。根据《国际疾病分类》第10版研究诊断标准进行诊断。
样本中近49.3%为男性。常见精神障碍的12个月患病率为5.52%——焦虑障碍（3.41%）、情绪障碍（1.44%）和物质使用障碍（1.18%）。女性焦虑和情绪障碍的患病率相对高于男性，物质使用障碍的患病率低于男性。常见精神障碍患者的12个月治疗率为5.09%（个别障碍的范围为1.66% - 11.55%）。调查显示存在95%的巨大治疗缺口，过去一年中每100名常见精神障碍患者中只有5人接受了任何治疗。
该调查提供了宝贵数据，有助于了解印度人群的心理健康需求和治疗缺口。尽管12个月患病率研究仅限于特定精神障碍，但由于文化因素导致的报告不足或检测不充分，这些估计可能较为保守。
