Bromet Evelyn J, Gluzman Semyon F, Paniotto Volodymyr I, Webb Charles P M, Tintle Nathan L, Zakhozha Victoria, Havenaar Johan M, Gutkovich Zinoviy, Kostyuchenko Stanislav, Schwartz Joseph E
Department of Psychiatry, State University or New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005 Sep;40(9):681-90. doi: 10.1007/s00127-005-0927-9. Epub 2005 Sep 20.
This study presents the lifetime, 12-month, and 1-month prevalence estimates of nine psychiatric and alcohol disorders in Ukraine assessed as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) research program. The Ukraine WMH survey is the first psychiatric epidemiologic study in a former Soviet Union country to administer a structured psychiatric interview to a nationally representative sample.
In 2002, a national probability sample of 4,725 respondents ages 18 and older were interviewed with the WMH version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Prevalence estimates, age-of-onset curves, comorbidity, demographic and geographic risk factors, and treatment seeking were examined.
Close to one third of the population experienced at least one Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) disorder in their lifetime, 17.6% experienced an episode in the past year, and 10.6% had a current disorder. There was no gender difference in the overall prevalence rates. In men, the most common diagnoses were alcohol disorders (26.5% lifetime) and mood disorders (9.7% lifetime); in women, they were mood disorders (20.8% lifetime) and anxiety disorders (7.9% lifetime). The odds ratios for most pairs of disorders were highly significant. Age of onset was primarily in the teens and early 20s. Age, education, and living in the Eastern region of Ukraine were significant risk factors across disorders, with respondents older than 50 years having the highest prevalence of mood disorder and the lowest prevalence of alcoholism and intermittent explosive disorder. Only a minority of respondents talked to a professional about their symptoms.
Prevalence estimates of alcoholism among men and recent depression among women were higher in Ukraine than in comparable European surveys. The results argue for the need to develop and implement educational programs focused on the recognition and treatment of mental and alcohol disorders for the general population, psychiatrists, and general medical providers, who are the main source of mental health care.
本研究呈现了乌克兰九种精神疾病和酒精障碍的终生患病率、12个月患病率和1个月患病率的估计值，这些数据是作为世界卫生组织（WHO）世界精神卫生（WMH）研究项目的一部分进行评估的。乌克兰WMH调查是前苏联国家中第一项对全国代表性样本进行结构化精神科访谈的精神科流行病学研究。
2002年，对4725名18岁及以上的全国概率样本受访者进行了世界精神卫生综合国际诊断访谈（WMH-CIDI）。研究考察了患病率估计值、发病年龄曲线、共病情况、人口统计学和地理风险因素以及寻求治疗的情况。
近三分之一的人口在其一生中经历过至少一种《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）中的疾病，17.6%的人在过去一年中经历过发作，10.6%的人目前患有疾病。总体患病率在性别上没有差异。在男性中，最常见的诊断是酒精障碍（终生患病率为26.5%）和情绪障碍（终生患病率为9.7%）；在女性中，是情绪障碍（终生患病率为20.8%）和焦虑障碍（终生患病率为7.9%）。大多数疾病对的比值比非常显著。发病年龄主要在青少年时期和20岁出头。年龄、教育程度以及居住在乌克兰东部地区是各类疾病的显著风险因素，50岁以上的受访者情绪障碍患病率最高，酒精中毒和间歇性爆发障碍患病率最低。只有少数受访者就其症状咨询过专业人士。
乌克兰男性酒精中毒和女性近期抑郁症的患病率估计值高于欧洲同类调查。研究结果表明，有必要为普通民众、精神科医生和普通医疗服务提供者制定并实施侧重于精神疾病和酒精障碍识别与治疗的教育项目，这些人员是精神卫生保健的主要来源。
