California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Lab Anim (NY). 2017 May 22;46(6):259-270. doi: 10.1038/laban.1279.
During the past three decades, non-human primate (NHP) models have gained an increasing importance in HIV basic and translational research. In contrast to natural host models, infection of macaques with virulent simian or simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SIV, SHIV) results in a disease that closely resembles HIV infection and AIDS. Although there is no perfect animal model, and each of the available models has its benefits and limitations, carefully designed NHP studies with selection of experimental variables have unraveled important questions of basic pathogenesis and have provided the tools to explore and screen intervention strategies. For example, NHP studies have advanced our understanding of the crucial events during early infection, and have provided proof-of-concept of antiretroviral drug treatment and prevention strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimes that are increasingly used worldwide, and upon overcoming further barriers of implementation, have the potential to make the next generation AIDS-free. Remaining goals include the pursuit of an effective HIV vaccine, and HIV cure strategies that would allow HIV-infected people to ultimately stop taking antiretroviral drugs. Through a reiterative process with feed-back from results of human studies, NHP models can be further validated and strengthened to advance our scientific knowledge and guide clinical trials.
在过去的三十年中，非人类灵长类动物（NHP）模型在 HIV 基础和转化研究中变得越来越重要。与天然宿主模型相比，用烈性猿猴或猿猴-人类免疫缺陷病毒（SIV、SHIV）感染猕猴会导致疾病，其与 HIV 感染和艾滋病非常相似。虽然没有完美的动物模型，并且每种现有模型都有其优点和局限性，但精心设计的 NHP 研究通过选择实验变量，已经解决了基础发病机制的重要问题，并提供了探索和筛选干预策略的工具。例如，NHP 研究增进了我们对早期感染期间关键事件的理解，并提供了抗逆转录病毒药物治疗和预防策略（如正在全球范围内越来越多地使用的暴露前预防（PrEP）方案）的概念验证，一旦克服了进一步的实施障碍，就有可能使下一代艾滋病患者免受感染。剩下的目标包括寻求有效的 HIV 疫苗和 HIV 治愈策略，以使感染 HIV 的人最终能够停止服用抗逆转录病毒药物。通过从人类研究结果中获得反馈的反复过程，NHP 模型可以进一步验证和加强，以提高我们的科学知识并指导临床试验。
