The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
The University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Appetite. 2017 Sep 1;116:410-422. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.030. Epub 2017 May 19.
Food neophobia (FN) has been shown to be a strong influence on food preferences using primarily small data sets. This has limited the explanatory power of FN and the extent to which it can be related to other factors that influence food choice. To address these limitations, we collected Food Neophobia Scale data from 1167 adults from New Zealand over a 45-month period. Participants also completed a 112-item food preference questionnaire and a self-report 24 h, a 145 item food intake recall survey, and the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). As a way of providing a structure to the food intake and preference data, in each case the food items were condensed into patterns described in terms of the foods/beverages with highest factor loadings. We then determined the impact of season and participant age, gender, education and income on these factors, as well as the interaction of these variables with FN scores, divided into tertiles. FN was a strong influence on both intake frequency and preferences in the majority of the intake/preference factor patterns. When significant associations with FN were established, both frequency of intake and preference was lower among high FN individuals. Notably, the effect of FN on food preferences was evident on many commonplace foods making up the diet, suggesting that high FN individuals like food overall less than do those with lower degrees of FN. Seasonal effects in food intake were demonstrated, but with smaller impact for higher levels of FN. While associations between FN varied according to all demographic variables, these relationships varied as a function of the intake/preference patterns. Overall, the results suggest that FN is an important barrier to dietary change and addressing diet-related health problems.
食物恐惧（FN）已被证明对食物偏好有很强的影响，主要使用小数据集。这限制了 FN 的解释能力，以及它与影响食物选择的其他因素的关联程度。为了解决这些限制，我们在 45 个月的时间里从新西兰的 1167 名成年人那里收集了食物恐惧量表数据。参与者还完成了 112 项食物偏好问卷和 24 小时自我报告、145 项食物摄入量回忆调查以及食物选择问卷（FCQ）。为了为食物摄入和偏好数据提供结构，在每种情况下，食物项目都被浓缩为以具有最高因子负荷的食物/饮料来描述的模式。然后，我们确定了季节和参与者年龄、性别、教育和收入对这些因素的影响，以及这些变量与 FN 分数的相互作用，分为三分位数。FN 对大多数摄入/偏好因子模式的摄入频率和偏好都有很强的影响。当与 FN 建立显著关联时，高 FN 个体的摄入频率和偏好都较低。值得注意的是，FN 对饮食中常见食物的偏好的影响是显而易见的，这表明高 FN 个体总体上比 FN 程度较低的个体更喜欢食物。食物摄入的季节性影响得到了证明，但对于较高水平的 FN，影响较小。尽管 FN 与所有人口统计学变量之间存在关联，但这些关系因摄入/偏好模式而异。总体而言，研究结果表明，FN 是饮食改变和解决与饮食相关的健康问题的重要障碍。
