IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, DONALD Study, University of Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE), Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
Appetite. 2016 Jun 1;101:184-91. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.159. Epub 2016 Feb 27.
Food neophobia (FN) is described as the rejection to eat unknown foods. Because only little is known about the role of FN in adolescence the aim of this study was to examine potential determinants of FN and associations with dietary habits of DONALD study participants. FN was measured with Pliner's and Hobden's Food Neophobia Scale (FN Score (FNS): range 10-70) in 166 10-18-year-old adolescents. Participants' age, sex, body weight status and duration of breast-feeding as well as parents' FN and educational status were considered as determinants. Energy intake, distribution of macronutrients and two variety scores were calculated from 3-day weighed dietary records. Multivariable general linear models were performed for data analyses. Boys and girls did not differ in their FNS (median (Min-Max): boys 31 (10-58), girls 32 (14-59)). Increasing age (p = 0.010) and duration of total breast-feeding (p = 0.006) were associated with decreasing FNS in girls only. FN was further positively associated with parental FN in the total sample (p = 0.004). FN was negatively associated with protein intake in the total sample (p = 0.017). The overall low level of FN in the DONALD study can be ascribed to the low level of FN in adolescence in general. Congruently with other studies, age and breast-feeding duration were identified as determinants of girls' FN and parental FN was identified as determinant of FN in the total sample. Further, our results indicate that FN leads to reduced protein intakes. Dietary variety was not strongly affected, possibly because of a broad variety of food supply in Germany.
食物恐惧症（FN）是指拒绝食用未知食物。由于青少年时期 FN 的作用知之甚少，因此本研究旨在探讨 FN 的潜在决定因素及其与 DONALD 研究参与者饮食习惯的关联。通过 Pliner 和 Hobden 的食物恐惧症量表（FN 评分（FNS）：范围 10-70）测量 166 名 10-18 岁青少年的 FN。考虑了参与者的年龄、性别、体重状况和母乳喂养时间以及父母的 FN 和教育程度等决定因素。从 3 天称重膳食记录中计算了能量摄入、宏量营养素分布和两种多样性评分。采用多变量一般线性模型进行数据分析。男孩和女孩的 FNS 没有差异（中位数（最小-最大）：男孩 31（10-58），女孩 32（14-59））。仅在女孩中，年龄增加（p=0.010）和总母乳喂养时间延长（p=0.006）与 FNS 降低相关。FN 还与总样本中的父母 FN 呈正相关（p=0.004）。FN 与总样本中的蛋白质摄入量呈负相关（p=0.017）。DONALD 研究中 FN 的总体水平较低可归因于青少年 FN 水平普遍较低。与其他研究一致，年龄和母乳喂养时间被确定为女孩 FN 的决定因素，而父母 FN 被确定为总样本中 FN 的决定因素。此外，我们的结果表明 FN 会导致蛋白质摄入量减少。饮食多样性没有受到强烈影响，这可能是因为德国的食物供应种类繁多。
