University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V6, Canada.
Laval University, 2320 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 Apr;46(3):437-447. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0309-2.
The current study examines the transactional processes between maternal negativity and child disruptive behavior during early childhood, using a sibling comparison design. This design allows for a more sophisticated test of the behavioral training hypothesis than is possible when only one child per family is included in the analysis as it excludes two confounders (passive gene-environment correlation and family-wide environmental influence). Three hundred and ninety-seven families were visited on three occasions when the target child was 1.5, 3 and 4.5 years old (920 children, 51.5% female). The target child and up to three older siblings per family were included in data collection and analysis. Mothers and fathers reported on children's disruptive behavior and mothers reported on their negativity to children. Within-family cross-lag pathways, as well as a significant indirect effect through which children increased their own disruptive behavior via maternal negativity confirmed a behavioral training effect. Family level maternal negativity and sibling disruptive behavior showed high levels of stability over three to four years and no context effect for maternal negativity or sibling disruptive behavior was seen. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
本研究采用兄弟姐妹比较设计，考察了幼儿期母亲消极性与儿童破坏性行为之间的相互作用过程。与仅对每个家庭中的一个孩子进行分析相比，这种设计能够更精细地检验行为训练假说，因为它排除了两个混淆因素（被动基因-环境相关性和全家庭环境影响）。在目标儿童 1.5、3 和 4.5 岁时，对 397 个家庭进行了三次访问（共 920 名儿童，女性占 51.5%）。目标儿童及其每个家庭中最多三个年龄较大的兄弟姐妹都参与了数据收集和分析。母亲和父亲报告了儿童的破坏性行为，母亲报告了对儿童的消极性。家庭内的交叉滞后路径，以及通过母亲消极性导致儿童自身破坏性行为增加的显著间接效应，证实了行为训练效应。母亲消极性和兄弟姐妹破坏性行为在三到四年内表现出高度的稳定性，并且没有观察到母亲消极性或兄弟姐妹破坏性行为的环境效应。讨论了这些发现的理论和临床意义。
