Department of Entomology, 319 AGRI, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4902, United States.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2017 Sep;148:51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.05.002. Epub 2017 May 20.
Adult goldenrod soldier beetles, Chauliognathus pensylvanicus, were found infected by the fungus Eryniopsis lampyridarum (Entomophthoromycotina) in Arkansas during September - October (1996, 2001, 2015 and 2016). Living and dead infected beetles were found on flowering frost aster, Symphyotrichum pilosum, common boneset, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and Canada goldenrod, Solidago canadensis. Live and dead beetles (n=446) were collected in 1996 from S. pilosum flowers and held individually in the laboratory for determination of fungal prevalence. Of the beetles collected, 281 (63%) were males and 165 (37%) were females. A total of 90 beetles were infected with E. lampyridarum, an overall prevalence of 20.2%. Prevalence in males was 19.6% (n=55 infected/281 males total) and prevalence in females was 21.2% (n=35 infected /165 females total). Conidia were produced from 57% of the infected beetles, 23% of the infected beetles produced resting spores, and 20% contained the hyphal body stage. Infected beetles produced either conidia or resting spores but never both in the same host. Post-mortem morphological changes in the hosts due to E. lampyridarum were observed periodically for 24h. Shortly before death, by unknown mechanisms, dying infected beetles tightly clamped their mandibles into flower heads and ca. 15-22h later (between 2400 and 0700h) the fungus caused dead beetles to raise their elytra and expand their metathoracic wings.
成年黄花金龟虫，Chauliognathus pensylvanicus，于 1996 年、2001 年、2015 年和 2016 年 9 月至 10 月在阿肯色州被发现感染真菌 Eryniopsis lampyridarum（Entomophthoromycotina）。在开花的紫菀属植物、菊科鬼针草属植物、常见的一枝黄花、紫菀和加拿大一枝黄花上发现了活着和死去的受感染的甲虫。1996 年，从紫菀属植物花朵上采集了活体和死体的甲虫（n=446），并在实验室中单独存放，以确定真菌的流行率。采集的甲虫中，雄性 281 只（63%），雌性 165 只（37%）。共有 90 只甲虫感染了 Eryniopsis lampyridarum，总体感染率为 20.2%。雄性的感染率为 19.6%（n=55/281 雄性总数），雌性的感染率为 21.2%（n=35/165 雌性总数）。从 57%的受感染甲虫中产生了分生孢子，23%的受感染甲虫产生了休止孢子，20%的受感染甲虫含有菌丝体阶段。受感染的甲虫产生分生孢子或休止孢子，但在同一宿主中从未同时产生两种孢子。在感染 Eryniopsis lampyridarum 后，定期观察宿主的死后形态变化，持续 24 小时。在死亡前不久，通过未知机制，垂死的受感染甲虫紧紧地夹住下颚进入花头，大约 15-22 小时后（2400 至 0700 小时之间），真菌导致死去的甲虫抬起鞘翅并展开其后胸翅。
