Choi Audrey H, O'Leary Michael P, Fong Yuman, Chen Nanhai G
Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Biomedicines. 2016 Aug 2;4(3):18. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines4030018.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) demonstrate the ability to replicate selectively in cancer cells, resulting in antitumor effects by a variety of mechanisms, including direct cell lysis and indirect cell death through immune-mediate host responses. Although the mechanisms of action of OVs are still not fully understood, major advances have been made in our understanding of how OVs function and interact with the host immune system, resulting in the recent FDA approval of the first OV for cancer therapy in the USA. This review provides an overview of the history of OVs, their selectivity for cancer cells, and their multifaceted mechanism of antitumor action, as well as strategies employed to augment selectivity and efficacy of OVs. OVs in combination with standard cancer therapies are also discussed, as well as a review of ongoing human clinical trials.
溶瘤病毒（OVs）具有在癌细胞中选择性复制的能力，通过多种机制产生抗肿瘤作用，包括直接细胞裂解以及通过免疫介导的宿主反应导致间接细胞死亡。尽管溶瘤病毒的作用机制仍未完全了解，但我们在理解溶瘤病毒如何发挥作用以及与宿主免疫系统相互作用方面取得了重大进展，这导致美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）最近批准了首个用于癌症治疗的溶瘤病毒。本综述概述了溶瘤病毒的历史、它们对癌细胞的选择性、多方面的抗肿瘤作用机制，以及为提高溶瘤病毒的选择性和疗效所采用的策略。还讨论了溶瘤病毒与标准癌症疗法联合使用的情况，以及对正在进行的人类临床试验的综述。
