Zolaly Mohammed A, Mahallawi Waleed, Khawaji Zakaria Y, Alahmadi Mohammed A
Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, SAU.
Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Jun 21;15(6):e40742. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40742. eCollection 2023 Jun.
A promising future for oncology treatment has been brought about by the emergence of a novel approach utilizing oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses are viruses that have been exploited genetically to assault malignant cells and activate a robust immune response. Several techniques have been developed to endow viruses with an oncolytic activity through genetic engineering. For instance, redirection capsid modification, stimulation of anti-neoplastic immune response, and genetically arming viruses with cytokines such as IL-12. Oncolytic viral clinical outcomes are sought after, particularly in more advanced cancers. The effectiveness and safety profile of the oncolytic virus in clinical studies with or without the combination of standard treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or primary excision) has been assessed using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). This review will comprehensively outline the most recent clinical applications and provide the results from various phases of clinical trials in a variety of cancers in the latest published literature.
利用溶瘤病毒进行癌症免疫治疗的新方法的出现，为肿瘤治疗带来了充满希望的未来。溶瘤病毒是经过基因改造以攻击恶性细胞并激活强大免疫反应的病毒。已经开发了几种技术，通过基因工程赋予病毒溶瘤活性。例如，衣壳重定向修饰、抗肿瘤免疫反应的刺激，以及用白细胞介素-12等细胞因子对病毒进行基因武装。人们一直在追求溶瘤病毒的临床疗效，尤其是在更晚期的癌症中。已经使用实体瘤疗效评价标准（RECIST）评估了溶瘤病毒在有或没有标准治疗（化疗、放疗或初次切除）联合使用的临床研究中的有效性和安全性。本综述将全面概述最新的临床应用，并在最新发表的文献中提供各种癌症的不同临床试验阶段的结果。
