Lai William K M, Pugh B Franklin
Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017 Sep;18(9):548-562. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.47. Epub 2017 May 24.
Advances in genomics technology have provided the means to probe myriad chromatin interactions at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. This has led to a profound understanding of nucleosome organization within the genome, revealing that nucleosomes are highly dynamic. Nucleosome dynamics are governed by a complex interplay of histone composition, histone post-translational modifications, nucleosome occupancy and positioning within chromatin, which are influenced by numerous regulatory factors, including general regulatory factors, chromatin remodellers, chaperones and polymerases. It is now known that these dynamics regulate diverse cellular processes ranging from gene transcription to DNA replication and repair.
基因组学技术的进步提供了手段，以前所未有的空间和时间分辨率探测无数的染色质相互作用。这使得人们对基因组内核小体的组织有了深刻的理解，揭示了核小体具有高度的动态性。核小体动力学受组蛋白组成、组蛋白翻译后修饰、核小体在染色质中的占据情况和定位等复杂相互作用的控制，这些又受到众多调控因子的影响，包括一般调控因子、染色质重塑因子、伴侣蛋白和聚合酶。现在已知这些动力学调节从基因转录到DNA复制和修复等多种细胞过程。
