Dewar James M, Walter Johannes C
Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37323, USA.
Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017 Aug;18(8):507-516. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.42. Epub 2017 May 24.
Genome duplication is carried out by pairs of replication forks that assemble at origins of replication and then move in opposite directions. DNA replication ends when converging replication forks meet. During this process, which is known as replication termination, DNA synthesis is completed, the replication machinery is disassembled and daughter molecules are resolved. In this Review, we outline the steps that are likely to be common to replication termination in most organisms, namely, fork convergence, synthesis completion, replisome disassembly and decatenation. We briefly review the mechanism of termination in the bacterium Escherichia coli and in simian virus 40 (SV40) and also focus on recent advances in eukaryotic replication termination. In particular, we discuss the recently discovered E3 ubiquitin ligases that control replisome disassembly in yeast and higher eukaryotes, and how their activity is regulated to avoid genome instability.
基因组复制由成对的复制叉完成，这些复制叉在复制起点组装，然后向相反方向移动。当汇聚的复制叉相遇时，DNA复制结束。在这个被称为复制终止的过程中，DNA合成完成，复制机器解体，子代分子得以分离。在本综述中，我们概述了大多数生物体复制终止可能共有的步骤，即叉汇聚、合成完成、复制体解体和解连环。我们简要回顾了细菌大肠杆菌和猿猴病毒40（SV40）中的终止机制，并重点关注真核生物复制终止的最新进展。特别是，我们讨论了最近发现的控制酵母和高等真核生物中复制体解体的E3泛素连接酶，以及它们的活性如何被调节以避免基因组不稳定。
