Shattuck Nita L, Matsangas Panagiotis
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017 Jun 1;88(6):579-585. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4721.2017.
Sailors in the U.S. Navy are habitual shiftworkers, often experiencing circadian misalignment due to their irregular work/rest schedules. This study assessed the effect of sunlight exposure, work hours, and caffeinated beverage consumption on the daily sleep duration of crewmembers of a U.S. Navy ship during a 2-wk underway period.
Working in an artificially lit area with no access to sunlight during work hours, U.S. Navy crew members (N = 91) used daily logs to report their daily activity, caffeinated beverage consumption, and exposure to sunlight while off-duty; sleep was assessed by wrist-worn actigraphy.
Hours of sunlight exposure, work duration, and the amount of coffee/tea/soft drinks were statistically significant predictors of sleep duration. On average, crewmembers who reported more than one half-hour of sunlight each day slept on average ∼40 min (10%) less than their peers working the same shifts who received less than one half-hour of sunlight (on average 6.05 ± 0.90 h vs. 6.71 ± 0.91 h, respectively).
Exposure to sunlight, work hours, and consumption of caffeinated beverages are important factors when planning watchstanding schedules at sea. Even though further research is needed, our results suggest that even brief exposure to sunlight may contribute to circadian misalignment that negatively affects sleep in the operational environment. Educating crewmembers about sleep hygiene, especially the important roles played by sunlight and caffeine, could potentially improve the sleep and fatigue levels of this population of maritime shiftworkers.Shattuck NL, Matsangas P. Sunlight exposure, work hours, caffeine consumption, and sleep duration in the naval environment. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(6):579-585.
美国海军水手是习惯性轮班工作者，由于其不规律的工作/休息时间表，经常经历昼夜节律失调。本研究评估了阳光照射、工作时长和含咖啡因饮料摄入对一艘美国海军舰艇船员在为期2周的航行期间每日睡眠时间的影响。
美国海军船员（N = 91）在工作时间处于无阳光照射的人工照明区域工作，他们使用每日日志报告日常活动、含咖啡因饮料的摄入量以及非工作时间的阳光照射情况；通过佩戴在手腕上的活动记录仪评估睡眠情况。
阳光照射时长、工作时长以及咖啡/茶/软饮料的摄入量是睡眠时间的统计学显著预测因素。平均而言，每天报告有超过半小时阳光照射的船员比从事相同班次但阳光照射少于半小时的同行平均少睡约40分钟（10%）（分别为平均6.05 ± 0.90小时和6.71 ± 0.91小时）。
在规划海上值班时间表时，阳光照射、工作时长和含咖啡因饮料的摄入是重要因素。尽管还需要进一步研究，但我们的结果表明，即使是短暂的阳光照射也可能导致昼夜节律失调，从而对作战环境中的睡眠产生负面影响。对船员进行睡眠卫生教育，特别是关于阳光和咖啡因所起的重要作用，可能会改善这群海上轮班工作者的睡眠和疲劳水平。
沙塔克NL，马桑加斯P。海军环境中的阳光照射、工作时长、咖啡因摄入与睡眠时间。航空航天医学与人类表现。2017；88(6):579 - 585。
