Shattuck Nita Lewis, Matsangas Panagiotis
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015 May;86(5):481-5. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4140.2015.
Sleep deprivation is known to be a common problem in the U.S. Navy and has been documented using wrist-worn actigraphy in various operational studies that typically span 2 to 4 wk in duration. However, sleep patterns over an extended period of time have not been objectively measured.
This 6-mo study used actigraphy and the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) to quantify the sleep patterns of a 39-yr-old Commanding Officer (CO) of an Arleigh Burke class destroyer while the ship was forward-deployed. On average, the CO received 5.2 h of sleep daily and averaged 6 h time in bed each day. The participant received more than 8 h of sleep for only 2% (N = 3) of the study days; for 17% (N = 27) of the days, he received less than 4 h of daily sleep. For 15% of waking time, the CO had a predicted effectiveness of less than 70% on the FAST scale, equating to a blood alcohol equivalent of 0.08%-or legally drunk. The CO's predicted effectiveness was below 65% approximately 10% of waking time.
Results from this study are aligned with earlier research showing that crewmembers on U.S. Navy ships suffer from chronic sleep restriction. During a typical deployment, personnel accrue a considerable sleep debt even during normal operations. Should critical events with additional sleep restriction occur, the ship has limited reserve capacity, potentially placing her crew and their mission in grave jeopardy.
众所周知，睡眠剥夺是美国海军中一个常见的问题，并且在各种持续时间通常为2至4周的作战研究中，已通过佩戴在手腕上的活动记录仪记录下来。然而，长时间的睡眠模式尚未得到客观测量。
这项为期6个月的研究使用活动记录仪和疲劳规避调度工具（FAST），对一名阿利·伯克级驱逐舰的39岁舰长在舰艇前沿部署期间的睡眠模式进行了量化。该舰长平均每天睡眠5.2小时，平均每天卧床时间为6小时。在研究期间，该参与者仅有2%（N = 3）的日子睡眠时间超过8小时；有17%（N = 27）的日子，他每天睡眠时间不足4小时。在15%的清醒时间里，该舰长在FAST量表上的预测效能低于70%，相当于血液酒精浓度为0.08%——即达到法定醉酒标准。该舰长的预测效能在大约10%的清醒时间里低于65%。
本研究结果与早期研究一致，表明美国海军舰艇上的船员长期存在睡眠受限问题。在典型的部署期间，即使在正常行动期间，人员也会积累大量的睡眠债。如果发生需要进一步限制睡眠的关键事件，舰艇的储备能力有限，这可能会使其船员及其任务面临严重危险。
