Zhou Xiao, Wu Xinchun, Chen Qiuyan, Zhen Rui
School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China.
Scand J Psychol. 2017 Jun;58(3):221-227. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12366.
To examine the relationships between trauma exposure, fear, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sleep problems in adolescents, 746 adolescent survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China were assessed at 1 year (T1) and 1.5 years (T2) after the earthquake using a trauma exposure questionnaire, a fear questionnaire, a child posttraumatic stress disorder symptom scale, and a subscale on child sleep problems. The results showed that T1 trauma exposure were not directly associated with sleep problems at T1 and T2, but played a positive role in sleep problems at both T1 and T2 indirectly through T1 posttraumatic stress disorder and T1 fear. T1 trauma exposure was also positively and indirectly associated with T2 sleep problems through T1 posttraumatic stress disorder via T1 sleep problems, or through T1 fear via the path from T1 posttraumatic stress disorder to T1 sleep problems. These findings indicated that fear and posttraumatic stress disorder 1 year after the earthquake played a mediating role in the relationship between trauma exposure at 1 year after the earthquake, and sleep problems at both 1 year and 1.5 years after the earthquake, respectively. In particular, posttraumatic stress disorder also had a multiple mediating effect in the path from trauma exposure to sleep problems via fear. Furthermore, the findings indicated that sleep problems were relatively stable between 1 and 1.5 years after an earthquake.
为了探究青少年创伤暴露、恐惧、创伤后应激障碍和睡眠问题之间的关系，使用创伤暴露问卷、恐惧问卷、儿童创伤后应激障碍症状量表以及儿童睡眠问题子量表，对746名中国2008年汶川地震青少年幸存者在地震后1年（T1）和1.5年（T2）进行了评估。结果显示，T1创伤暴露与T1和T2时的睡眠问题无直接关联，但通过T1创伤后应激障碍和T1恐惧，对T1和T2时的睡眠问题均起到间接的正向作用。T1创伤暴露还通过T1创伤后应激障碍经由T1睡眠问题，或通过T1恐惧经由从T1创伤后应激障碍到T1睡眠问题的路径，与T2睡眠问题呈正向间接关联。这些发现表明，地震后1年的恐惧和创伤后应激障碍分别在地震后1年的创伤暴露与地震后1年和1.5年的睡眠问题之间的关系中起中介作用。特别是，创伤后应激障碍在从创伤暴露经恐惧到睡眠问题的路径中也具有多重中介效应。此外，研究结果表明，地震后1至1.5年期间睡眠问题相对稳定。
