睡眠问题与创伤后应激：自然灾害暴露儿童
Sleep Problems and Posttraumatic Stress: Children Exposed to a Natural Disaster.
机构信息
Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College.
Department of Psychology, University of Miami.
出版信息
J Pediatr Psychol. 2020 Oct 1;45(9):1016-1026. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa061.
OBJECTIVE
Sleep plays a critical role in children's growth and development. This study examined the frequency and persistence of children's sleep problems following a natural disaster, risk factors for children's sleep problems, and the bidirectional relationship between children's sleep problems and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) over time.
METHODS
This study assessed 269 children (53% female, M = 8.70 years, SD = 0.95) exposed to Hurricane Ike at 8 months (Time 1) and 15 months (Time 2) post-disaster. Children completed measures of hurricane exposure and related stressors, stressful life events, sleep problems, and PTSS.
RESULTS
Children's sleep problems were significantly correlated from Time 1 to Time 2 (r = .28, p < .001). Risk factors for sleep problems at Time 2 were younger age, sleep problems at Time 1, and PTSS, not including sleep items, at Time 1. Examinations of the bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and PTSS indicated that PTSS significantly predicted later sleep problems, but sleep problems did not significantly predict later PTSS.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings demonstrate that PTSS may contribute to the development and course of children's sleep problems post-disaster.
目的
睡眠对儿童的成长和发育起着至关重要的作用。本研究考察了自然灾害后儿童睡眠问题的发生频率和持续时间、儿童睡眠问题的风险因素，以及儿童睡眠问题与创伤后应激症状（PTSS）之间的双向关系随时间的变化。
方法
本研究评估了 269 名儿童（53%为女性，M=8.70 岁，SD=0.95）在飓风艾克发生后 8 个月（时间 1）和 15 个月（时间 2）时的暴露情况。儿童完成了飓风暴露和相关应激源、生活应激事件、睡眠问题和创伤后应激症状的测量。
结果
儿童的睡眠问题在时间 1 和时间 2 之间呈显著相关（r=0.28，p<.001）。时间 2 时睡眠问题的风险因素包括年龄较小、时间 1 时存在睡眠问题以及时间 1 时除睡眠项目外的创伤后应激症状。对睡眠问题和创伤后应激症状之间的双向关系进行的检查表明，创伤后应激症状显著预测了后期的睡眠问题，但睡眠问题并没有显著预测后期的创伤后应激症状。
结论
研究结果表明，创伤后应激症状可能会导致儿童在灾后出现睡眠问题。
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