Stephenson J R
Division of Biologics, Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
Vaccine. 1988 Dec;6(6):471-80. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(88)90095-3.
Diseases caused by flavivirus infection have been a scourge of mankind for over three centuries; with yellow fever, dengue fever and Russian spring-summer encephalitis causing epidemics resulting in thousands of fatalities. Due to the development of a safe and efficacious live-attenuated vaccine against yellow fever, this disease is no longer such a threat in countries where adequate vaccination is practised. A similarly safe and efficacious inactivated vaccine against central-European tick-borne encephalitis has also been developed and this has drastically reduced the incidence of this disease in many countries where it is endemic. In spite of these successes, the development of vaccines against other pathogenic flaviviruses, causing diseases such as dengue fever and Russian spring-summer encephalitis, have not been successful. This review attempts to summarize the development of flavivirus vaccines to date and identify areas for future improvements. Problems associated with designing flavivirus vaccines are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of future strategies for vaccine development are considered.
黄病毒感染引起的疾病在三个多世纪以来一直是人类的一大祸害；黄热病、登革热和俄罗斯春夏脑炎引发的疫情导致数千人死亡。由于研制出了一种安全有效的黄热病减毒活疫苗，在实行了充分疫苗接种的国家，这种疾病不再构成如此大的威胁。一种同样安全有效的针对中欧蜱传脑炎的灭活疫苗也已研制出来，这大大降低了该病在许多流行国家的发病率。尽管取得了这些成功，但针对其他致病性黄病毒（如引发登革热和俄罗斯春夏脑炎的病毒）的疫苗研发并不成功。本综述试图总结迄今为止黄病毒疫苗的研发情况，并确定未来改进的领域。讨论了设计黄病毒疫苗相关的问题，并考虑了未来疫苗研发策略的优缺点。
