Karsten U, Bischof K, Wiencke C
Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
Oecologia. 2001 Mar;127(1):11-20. doi: 10.1007/s004420000553. Epub 2001 Mar 1.
Transplantation experiments conducted in the Arctic Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen) in summer 1997 investigated the effects of various types of filtered natural radiation (solar, solar without UV-B, solar without UV-A/B) on photosynthesis of various macroalgae. Two brown algal species (Laminaria solidungula, Saccorhiza dermatodea) and four red algal species (Palmaria palmata, Phycodrys rubens, Phyllophora truncata, Ptilota plumosa) were collected from deeper waters, kept in UV-transparent plexiglass tubes wrapped with different spectral cut-off filter foils and positioned at fixed depths in shallow waters for 7-9 days. At regular intervals, chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II (optimum quantum yield, F /F ) was determined, as an indicator of photosynthetic performance. The data demonstrate that shallow-water species such as P. palmata are much less affected by natural photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV radiation near the surface than extremely sensitive deep-water species such as Phyc. rubens which exhibited strong decreases in photosynthetic performance, as well as photobleaching of part of the thallus. The other species showed intermediate response patterns. In most species investigated inhibition of photosynthesis was mainly caused by the UV-B wavelengths. Interpretation of the data clearly indicates species-specific tolerances of photosynthesis to ambient solar radiation which can be explained by broad physiological acclimation potentials and/or genetic adaptation to certain (low or high) irradiances. The species-specific photosynthetic performance under radiation stress is in good accordance with the vertical distribution of the macroalgae on the shore.
1997年夏季在北极孔斯峡湾（斯瓦尔巴群岛）进行的移植实验，研究了各种类型的过滤自然辐射（太阳辐射、不含UV - B的太阳辐射、不含UV - A/B的太阳辐射）对各种大型藻类光合作用的影响。从较深水域采集了两种褐藻（硬叶海带、皮状囊海带）和四种红藻（掌状红皮藻、红管藻、截形叶枝藻、羽状网翼藻），将它们保存在用不同光谱截止滤光箔包裹的紫外线透明有机玻璃管中，并放置在浅水区的固定深度处7 - 9天。定期测定光系统II的叶绿素荧光（最佳量子产率，Fv/Fm），作为光合性能的指标。数据表明，像掌状红皮藻这样的浅水物种受近表面自然光合有效辐射（PAR）和紫外线辐射的影响比极度敏感的深水物种如红管藻小得多，红管藻的光合性能大幅下降，并且部分叶状体出现光漂白现象。其他物种表现出中间响应模式。在所研究的大多数物种中，光合作用的抑制主要由UV - B波长引起。数据解释清楚地表明了物种对环境太阳辐射的光合作用特异性耐受性，这可以通过广泛的生理适应潜力和/或对某些（低或高）辐照度的遗传适应来解释。辐射胁迫下物种特异性的光合性能与海岸大型藻类的垂直分布高度一致。
