Hakkarainen Harri, Ilmonen Petteri, Koivunen Vesa, Korpimäki Erkki
Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
Oecologia. 2001 Feb;126(3):355-359. doi: 10.1007/s004420000525. Epub 2001 Feb 1.
Nest predation and its avoidance are critical components of an individual's fitness and play an important role in life history evolution. Almost all studies on this topic have been observational, and thus have not been able to separate the effects of individual quality, habitat selection and predation risk of given nest sites from each other. More experimental studies on nest predation and breeding dispersal, therefore, are needed to avoid confusing interpretations of the results. In western Finland, pine marten (Martes martes) predation risk was experimentally simulated at the nests of Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius funereus) by using a caged American mink (Mustela vison) as a predator. Nests without exposure to a mink served as controls. In accordance with our predictions and earlier observational studies, males exposed to simulated predation risk increased nest-hole shift and breeding dispersal distances compared to control males. Nest-hole shift and long breeding dispersal distances probably decrease the risk of nest predation, because pine martens are known to revisit nest-holes they have found.
巢捕食及其规避是个体适合度的关键组成部分，在生活史进化中发挥着重要作用。几乎所有关于这个主题的研究都是观察性的，因此无法将个体质量、栖息地选择和特定巢址的捕食风险的影响相互区分开来。因此，需要更多关于巢捕食和繁殖扩散的实验研究，以避免对结果的混淆解释。在芬兰西部，通过使用笼养的美国水貂（Mustela vison）作为捕食者，在 Tengmalm 猫头鹰（Aegolius funereus）的巢穴中对松貂（Martes martes）的捕食风险进行了实验模拟。未暴露于水貂的巢穴作为对照。与对照雄性相比，暴露于模拟捕食风险的雄性增加了巢洞转移和繁殖扩散距离，这与我们的预测和早期的观察研究一致。巢洞转移和长距离的繁殖扩散可能会降低巢被捕食的风险，因为已知松貂会重访它们发现的巢洞。
