Rode Andris, Shephard Roy J
School of Physical and Health Education and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.
Am J Hum Biol. 1994;6(4):525-541. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.1310060413.
The growth and development of Inuit children and adolescents living in the high arctic (Igloolik, NWT, 69°40' N, 81°W) has been surveyed crosssectionally and semilongitudinally on three occasions during a period of rapid acculturation: 1969-1970, 1979-1980, 1989-1990. Recruitment declined from 85% (1969-1970) to 63% (1989-1990) of eligible subjects, in the most recent survey a total of 91 males and 65 females. Secular trends in the community have included a change from nomadic to settled life, improved access to health care, reduction of average family size, a progressive shift from country to market foods, the introduction of a 12-grade school, and a progressive reduction of habitual physical activity with the advent of television and video programs. The stature of the youngest students has tended to increase by ∼1cm/decade, possibly as a consequence of dietary changes and resultant earlier maturation, but the stature of older adolescents has tended to decrease, possibly as a consequence of spinal trauma sustained during high-speed snowmobile operation. In the boys, the estimated onset of rapid pubertal growth has advanced from an age of 13-14 to 12-13 years, and in the girls, the period of rapid growth is now already established at 11 years. Over the 20 years of observation, skinfold thicknesses at any given age have increased, handgrip and knee extension forces have diminished, and relative aerobic power has also decreased. In consequence, the current generation of Inuit children are no more fit than their sedentary peers in southern Canada. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
在快速文化适应时期，对居住在北极地区（伊格卢利克，西北地区，北纬69°40′，西经81°）的因纽特儿童和青少年的生长发育情况进行了三次横断面和半纵向调查：1969 - 1970年、1979 - 1980年、1989 - 1990年。入选率从符合条件的受试者的85%（1969 - 1970年）降至63%（1989 - 1990年），在最近一次调查中，共有91名男性和65名女性。该社区的长期趋势包括从游牧生活向定居生活的转变、获得医疗保健的机会增加、家庭平均规模减小、食物从乡村食物向市场食物的逐渐转变、引入了一所12年制学校，以及随着电视和视频节目的出现，习惯性身体活动逐渐减少。最年幼学生的身高往往每十年增加约1厘米，这可能是饮食变化和早熟的结果，但年龄较大青少年的身高则趋于下降，这可能是高速雪地摩托操作期间脊柱受伤的结果。在男孩中，青春期快速生长的估计起始年龄已从13 - 14岁提前到12 - 13岁，而在女孩中，快速生长阶段现在已确定为11岁。在20年的观察期内，任何给定年龄的皮褶厚度都增加了，握力和膝关节伸展力减弱了，相对有氧能力也下降了。因此, 现在这一代因纽特儿童并不比加拿大南部久坐不动的同龄人更健康。© 1994威利 - 利斯公司。
