Rode A, Shephard R J
School of Physical and Health Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1994;69(6):516-24. doi: 10.1007/BF00239869.
Surveys in 1969/1970, 1979/1980, and 1989/1990 assessed physical fitness among adult Inuit living in Igloolik, Northwest Territories, Canada, during a period of rapid acculturation to a sedentary lifestyle. MANOVA for age, cohort, and age-cohort effects indicated significant trends to greater skinfold readings [male (M) and female (F)] and body mass (F only), a lower handgrip and knee extension force (M and F), and lower step test predictions of aerobic power (M and F) in the more recent cohorts, with no change of forced vital capacity, 1-s forced expiratory volume, or hemoglobin level. By 1989/1990, continuing hunters tended to have thicker skinfolds than other villagers, and showed no advantage of aerobic power. The average fitness of the sample when tested in 1989/1990 was comparable with that of sedentary populations in Southern Canada, but a minority of villagers who now practiced regular sport had conserved the high levels of fitness that were observed in 1969/1970. We conclude that the fitness of this community appears to have deteriorated markedly as it has become more sedentary, and we thus recommend that health authorities develop methods of promoting an active lifestyle that are culturally appropriate to the populations of circumpolar settlements.
1969/1970年、1979/1980年和1989/1990年开展的调查评估了居住在加拿大西北地区伊格卢利克的成年因纽特人的身体健康状况，当时他们正迅速适应久坐不动的生活方式。对年龄、队列及年龄-队列效应进行的多变量方差分析表明，在最近几代人中，皮褶厚度读数（男性和女性）和体重（仅女性）呈显著增加趋势，握力和膝关节伸展力（男性和女性）以及有氧能力的台阶测试预测值降低，而用力肺活量、1秒用力呼气量或血红蛋白水平没有变化。到1989/1990年，仍在从事狩猎的人往往比其他村民有更厚的皮褶，且在有氧能力方面没有优势。1989/1990年测试时该样本的平均健康水平与加拿大南部久坐人群相当，但少数现在经常进行体育运动的村民保持了1969/1970年观察到的高水平健康状况。我们得出结论，随着这个社区变得更加久坐不动，其健康状况似乎已明显恶化，因此我们建议卫生当局制定适合环北极定居点人群文化特点的促进积极生活方式的方法。
