生物炭添加修复砷、铅复合污染土壤对小白菜微量元素和纳米材料潜在毒性的影响。
Potential toxicity of trace elements and nanomaterials to Chinese cabbage in arsenic- and lead-contaminated soil amended with biochars.
机构信息
Korea Biochar Research Center and School of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
出版信息
Environ Geochem Health. 2019 Aug;41(4):1777-1791. doi: 10.1007/s10653-017-9989-3. Epub 2017 May 26.
To our knowledge, this is the first report on exploring the interactive effects of various biochars (BCs) and nanomaterials (NMs) on plant growth and bioavailability of trace elements in soil. This study evaluated the bioavailability and toxicity of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and NMs to cabbage plants. The BCs were produced from rice husk (RB), sewage sludge, and bamboo wood (WB). The BCs at 2.5 and 5% (w w), NMs for removing As (NMs-As) and heavy metals (NMs-HM) at 3000 mg kg, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) at 1000 mg kg were applied in bioassay and incubation experiments (40 days), along with the unamended soil as the control. Results showed that the NMs-As and NMs-HM decreased seed germination at 3 days after sowing; however, their toxicity was eliminated by BCs. Growth parameters of cabbage revealed that the CNT was the most toxic NMs, as it was translocated in root and leaf cells, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic images. Bioavailable Pb was reduced by 1.2-3.8-folds in all amended rhizosphere and bulk soils. Amendments of 2.5% WB + NMs-As and 2.5% RB + NMs-As significantly decreased both bioavailable As and Pb.
据我们所知，这是首次研究不同生物炭（BC）和纳米材料（NM）对植物生长和土壤中微量元素生物有效性的交互作用。本研究评估了砷（As）、铅（Pb）和 NM 对白菜植物的生物有效性和毒性。BC 由稻壳（RB）、污水污泥和竹材（WB）制成。2.5%和 5%（w/w）的 BC、用于去除 As 的 NM（NM-As）和重金属（NM-HM）（3000 mg/kg）以及多壁碳纳米管（CNT）（1000 mg/kg）被应用于生物测定和培养实验（40 天），未添加 NM 的土壤作为对照。结果表明，NM-As 和 NM-HM 在播种后 3 天降低了种子发芽率；然而，BC 消除了它们的毒性。白菜生长参数表明，CNT 是最具毒性的 NM，因为它被转运到根和叶细胞中，这通过透射电子显微镜图像得到了证实。所有添加 NM 的根际和土壤中可利用的 Pb 减少了 1.2-3.8 倍。在所有添加 2.5%WB+NM-As 和 2.5%RB+NM-As 的处理中，可利用的 As 和 Pb 都显著降低。
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