Nováková Alena, Hubka Vít, Valinová Šárka, Kolařík Miroslav, Hillebrand-Voiculescu Alexandra Maria
Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre AS CR, v.v.i., Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2018 Jan;63(1):43-55. doi: 10.1007/s12223-017-0527-6. Epub 2017 May 28.
Movile Cave, a unique groundwater ecosystem in southern Romania, was discovered in 1986. This chemoautotrophic cave contains an abundant and diverse fauna with terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate communities, including 33 endemic species. Since its discovery, studies have focused mainly on cave chemoautotrophic bacteria, while the microfungal community has been largely neglected. In this study, we determined the microfungal species living on various substrates in Movile Cave and compared this spectrum with the mycobiota detected outside the cave (outside air-borne and soil-borne microfungi). To investigate all of the niches, we collected samples for two consecutive years from the dry part of the cave (cave air and sediment, corroded limestone walls, isopod feces, and isopod and spider cadavers) and from the post-siphon part of the cave, i.e., Airbell II (sediment and floating microbial mat). A total of 123 microfungal species were identified from among several hundred isolates. Of these, 96 species were only detected in the cave environment and not outside of the cave, while 90 species were from the dry part of the cave and 28 were from Airbell II. The most diverse genera were Penicillium (at least 18 species) and Aspergillus (14 species), followed by Cladosporium (9 species). Surprisingly, high CFU counts of air-borne microfungi were found inside the cave; they were even higher than outside the cave during the first year of investigation.
莫维勒洞穴是罗马尼亚南部一个独特的地下水生态系统，于1986年被发现。这个化能自养洞穴拥有丰富多样的动物群，包括陆地和水生无脊椎动物群落，其中有33种特有物种。自发现以来，研究主要集中在洞穴化能自养细菌上，而微真菌群落则在很大程度上被忽视了。在本研究中，我们确定了生活在莫维勒洞穴各种基质上的微真菌物种，并将这一物种谱与在洞穴外检测到的真菌群（空气传播和土壤传播的微真菌）进行了比较。为了调查所有生态位，我们连续两年从洞穴干燥部分（洞穴空气和沉积物、腐蚀的石灰岩壁、等足类粪便以及等足类和蜘蛛尸体）以及洞穴虹吸后部分即气钟II（沉积物和漂浮的微生物垫）采集样本。从数百个分离物中总共鉴定出123种微真菌物种。其中，96种仅在洞穴环境中被检测到，在洞穴外未被检测到，而90种来自洞穴干燥部分，28种来自气钟II。种类最多的属是青霉属（至少18种）和曲霉属（14种），其次是枝孢属（9种）。令人惊讶的是，在洞穴内发现了高菌落形成单位数的空气传播微真菌；在调查的第一年，它们甚至比洞穴外的还要高。
