Xiang Jianhai
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Curr Biotechnol. 2015 Aug;4(3):296-310. doi: 10.2174/2211550105666151105190012.
Global aquaculture production has increased continuously over the last five decades, and particularly in China. Its aquaculture has become the fastest growing and most efficient agri-sector, with production accounting for more than 70% of the world's aquaculture output. In the new century, with serious challenges regarding population, resources and the environment, China has been working to develop high-quality, effective, healthy, and sustainable blue agriculture through the application of modern biotechnology. Sound knowledge related to the biology and ecology of aquatic organisms has laid a solid foundation and provided the innovation and technology for rapid development of the aquaculture industry. Marine biotechnology, which is enabling solutions for ocean productivity and sustainability, has been promoted since the last decades of the 20th Century in China.
In this article, priority areas of research, mainly genetic breeding, omics studies, novel production systems, biosecurity, bioprocesses and biorefinery, as well as the major progress of marine biotechnology R&D in China are reviewed.
Current innovative achievements in China are not enough and the level and frequency of academic advancements must be improved. International cooperation and assistance remain crucial for the success of marine biotechnology.
在过去五十年里，全球水产养殖产量持续增长，中国尤为突出。中国的水产养殖业已成为发展最快、效率最高的农业部门，产量占世界水产养殖总产量的70%以上。进入新世纪，面对人口、资源和环境等严峻挑战，中国一直致力于通过应用现代生物技术发展优质、高效、健康和可持续的蓝色农业。有关水生生物生物学和生态学的扎实知识为水产养殖业的快速发展奠定了坚实基础并提供了创新和技术支持。自20世纪最后几十年以来，中国一直在推动海洋生物技术发展，该技术能够为海洋生产力和可持续性提供解决方案。
本文综述了中国海洋生物技术研发的重点研究领域，主要包括遗传育种、组学研究、新型生产系统、生物安全、生物工艺和生物炼制，以及取得的主要进展。
中国目前的创新成果还不够，学术进步的水平和频次有待提高。国际合作与援助对于海洋生物技术的成功仍然至关重要。
