Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA and E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
Virus Res. 2017 Sep 15;241:68-76. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.015. Epub 2017 May 26.
Understanding host-pathogen interactions requires analyses to address the multiplicity of scales in heterogeneous landscapes. Anthropogenic influence on plant communities, especially cultivation, is a major cause of environmental heterogeneity. We have approached the analysis of how environmental heterogeneity determines plant-virus interactions by studying virus infection in a wild plant currently undergoing incipient domestication, the wild pepper or chiltepin, across its geographical range in Mexico. We have shown previously that anthropogenic disturbance is associated with higher infection and disease risk, and with disrupted patterns of host and virus genetic spatial structure. We now show that anthropogenic factors, species richness, host genetic diversity and density in communities supporting chiltepin differentially affect infection risk according to the virus analysed. We also show that in addition to these factors, a broad range of abiotic and biotic variables meaningful to continental scales, have an important role on the risk of infection depending on the virus. Last, we show that natural virus infection of chiltepin plants in wild communities results in decreased survival and fecundity, hence negatively affecting fitness. This important finding paves the way for future studies on plant-virus co-evolution.
理解宿主-病原体相互作用需要分析来解决异质景观中的多重尺度问题。人类对植物群落的影响，特别是栽培，是环境异质性的主要原因。我们通过研究目前正在经历初步驯化的野生植物——野生辣椒或奇利潘，在其地理范围内的病毒感染，来探讨环境异质性如何决定植物-病毒相互作用。我们之前已经表明，人为干扰与更高的感染和疾病风险以及宿主和病毒遗传空间结构模式的破坏有关。我们现在表明，根据分析的病毒，人为因素、物种丰富度、支持奇利潘的群落中的宿主遗传多样性和密度会根据具体情况对感染风险产生不同的影响。我们还表明，除了这些因素外，对大陆尺度有意义的广泛的非生物和生物变量，根据病毒的不同，对感染风险也有重要作用。最后，我们表明，野生群落中奇利潘植物的自然病毒感染会导致存活率和繁殖力下降，从而对适应性产生负面影响。这一重要发现为未来的植物-病毒共同进化研究铺平了道路。
