Claverie Sohini, Hoareau Murielle, Chéhida Sélim Ben, Filloux Denis, Varsani Arvind, Roumagnac Philippe, Martin Darren P, Lett Jean-Michel, Lefeuvre Pierre
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, La Réunion, France.
Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, La Réunion, France.
Virus Evol. 2023 Jul 6;9(2):vead043. doi: 10.1093/ve/vead043. eCollection 2023.
As highly pervasive parasites that sometimes cause disease, viruses are likely major components of all natural ecosystems. An important step towards both understanding the precise ecological roles of viruses and determining how natural communities of viral species are assembled and evolve is obtaining full descriptions of viral diversity and distributions at ecosystem scales. Here, we focused on obtaining such 'community-scale' data for viruses in a single genus. We chose the genus (family Geminiviridae), members of which have predominantly been found infecting uncultivated grasses (family Poaceae) throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. We sampled over 3 years, 2,884 individual Poaceae plants belonging to thirty different species within a 2-ha plot which included cultivated and uncultivated areas on the island of Reunion. Mastreviruses were found in ∼8 per cent of the samples, of which 96 per cent did not have any discernible disease symptoms. The multitude of host-virus associations that we uncovered reveals both the plant species that most commonly host mastreviruses and the mastrevirus species (such as and ) that have especially large host ranges. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that perennial plant species capable of hosting years-long mixed mastrevirus infections likely play a disproportionately important role in the generation of inter-species and inter-strain mastrevirus recombinants.
作为有时会引发疾病的高度普遍存在的寄生虫，病毒很可能是所有自然生态系统的主要组成部分。朝着理解病毒的确切生态作用以及确定病毒物种的自然群落如何组装和进化迈出的重要一步，是在生态系统尺度上全面描述病毒的多样性和分布情况。在此，我们专注于获取关于单一病毒属的此类“群落尺度”数据。我们选择了 属（双生病毒科），其成员主要在世界热带和亚热带地区被发现感染未开垦的禾本科植物（禾本科）。我们在三年时间里，对留尼汪岛一个2公顷地块内属于30个不同物种的2884株禾本科植物个体进行了采样，该地块包括耕种区和未开垦区。在约8%的样本中发现了玉米线条病毒属病毒，其中96%没有任何可识别的疾病症状。我们所揭示的众多宿主 - 病毒关联，既显示了最常携带玉米线条病毒属病毒的植物物种，也显示了宿主范围特别广泛的玉米线条病毒属病毒物种（如 和 ）。我们的研究结果与以下假设一致：能够承载长达数年的玉米线条病毒混合感染的多年生植物物种，可能在种间和株间玉米线条病毒重组体的产生中发挥了不成比例的重要作用。
