Plaza-Díaz Julio, Ruiz-Ojeda Francisco Javier, Vilchez-Padial Laura Maria, Gil Angel
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain.
Nutrients. 2017 May 28;9(6):555. doi: 10.3390/nu9060555.
Probiotics and synbiotics are used to treat chronic diseases, principally due to their role in immune system modulation and the anti-inflammatory response. The present study reviewed the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on intestinal chronic diseases in in vitro, animal, and human studies, particularly in randomized clinical trials. The selected probiotics exhibit in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. Probiotic strains and cell-free supernatants reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via action that is principally mediated by toll-like receptors. Probiotic administration improved the clinical symptoms, histological alterations, and mucus production in most of the evaluated animal studies, but some results suggest that caution should be taken when administering these agents in the relapse stages of IBD. In addition, no effects on chronic enteropathies were reported. Probiotic supplementation appears to be potentially well tolerated, effective, and safe in patients with IBD, in both CD and UC. Indeed, probiotics such as 536 improved the clinical symptoms in patients with mild to moderate active UC. Although it has been proposed that probiotics can provide benefits in certain conditions, the risks and benefits should be carefully assessed before initiating any therapy in patients with IBD. For this reason, further studies are required to understand the precise mechanism by which probiotics and synbiotics affect these diseases.
益生菌和合生元被用于治疗慢性疾病，主要是由于它们在免疫系统调节和抗炎反应中的作用。本研究回顾了益生菌和合生元在体外、动物和人体研究中，特别是在随机临床试验中对肠道慢性疾病的影响。所选益生菌在体外具有抗炎特性。益生菌菌株和无细胞上清液通过主要由Toll样受体介导的作用降低促炎细胞因子的表达。在大多数评估的动物研究中，给予益生菌改善了临床症状、组织学改变和黏液分泌，但一些结果表明，在炎症性肠病的复发阶段给予这些药物时应谨慎。此外，未报告对慢性肠病有影响。在克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎患者中，补充益生菌似乎具有潜在的良好耐受性、有效性和安全性。事实上，如536等益生菌改善了轻至中度活动性溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床症状。虽然有人提出益生菌在某些情况下可能有益，但在对炎症性肠病患者开始任何治疗之前，应仔细评估风险和益处。因此，需要进一步研究以了解益生菌和合生元影响这些疾病的确切机制。
