Liu Ebony, Craig Jamie E, Burdon Kathryn
Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Cancer, Immunology and Genetics, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Clin Exp Optom. 2017 Nov;100(6):569-576. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12552. Epub 2017 May 26.
Diabetic macular oedema is the major cause of visual impairment in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As type 2 diabetes becomes more prevalent worldwide, the prevalence of diabetic macular oedema is also expected to rise. Current management of diabetic macular oedema is challenging, expensive and not optimal in a subset of patients. Therefore, it is important to increase our understanding of the risk factors involved and develop preventative strategies. While clinical risk factors for diabetic macular oedema have been identified, few studies have addressed potential genetic risk factors. Epidemiology and family studies suggest genetic influences are of importance. In this review, we summarise known clinical risk factors, as well as discuss the small number of genetic studies that have been performed for diabetic macular oedema.
糖尿病性黄斑水肿是1型和2型糖尿病患者视力损害的主要原因。随着2型糖尿病在全球范围内日益普遍，糖尿病性黄斑水肿的患病率预计也会上升。糖尿病性黄斑水肿的当前治疗具有挑战性、费用高昂，且在一部分患者中效果并不理想。因此，加深我们对相关危险因素的理解并制定预防策略非常重要。虽然已经确定了糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床危险因素，但很少有研究探讨潜在的遗传危险因素。流行病学和家族研究表明遗传因素具有重要影响。在本综述中，我们总结了已知的临床危险因素，并讨论了针对糖尿病性黄斑水肿所开展的少量遗传学研究。
