Naddour Mouhib, Kalani Mehboob, Hattab Yousef, Gandhi Viral, Singh Anil C, Bajwa Omer
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Crit Care Nurs Q. 2017 Jul/Sep;40(3):288-300. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000167.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) can present in a variety of different clinical settings and in a diverse, comorbid patient population, both of which will guide the clinician toward the appropriate therapeutic response. Patients who present with pulmonary embolism are at risk for hemodynamic instability, recurrence of VTE, cardiac comorbidities, and increased risk of overall mortality. Prognostication models have been clinically validated for risk stratification and prediction of mortality. Similar to pulmonary embolism, patients with deep vein thrombosis carry a higher risk of VTE recurrence and cardiac comorbidities. Consequently, VTE can be treated by a variety of methods such as anticoagulants or inferior vena cava filters, which bear their own risks and benefits. It is imperative that clinicians monitor patients for complications from VTE and the chosen therapy.
静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）可出现在各种不同的临床情况中，且患者群体多样并伴有多种合并症，这两者都会指导临床医生做出适当的治疗反应。出现肺栓塞的患者有血流动力学不稳定、VTE复发、心脏合并症以及总体死亡风险增加的风险。预后模型已在临床上得到验证，可用于风险分层和死亡率预测。与肺栓塞相似，深静脉血栓形成患者的VTE复发风险和心脏合并症风险更高。因此，VTE可通过多种方法治疗，如使用抗凝剂或下腔静脉滤器，这些方法都有其自身的风险和益处。临床医生必须监测患者是否出现VTE及所选治疗方法的并发症。
