Kobal Sergio L, Lior Yotam, Ben-Sasson Alon, Liel-Cohen Noah, Galante Ori, Fuchs Lior
Cardiology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
BMC Med Educ. 2017 May 30;17(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12909-017-0928-x.
Teaching cardiac ultrasound to medical students in a brief course is a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of teaching large groups of medical students the acquisition and interpretation of cardiac ultrasound images using a pocket ultrasound device (PUD) in a short, specially designed course.
Thirty-one medical students in their first clinical year participated in the study. All were novices in the use of cardiac ultrasound. The training consisted of 4 hours of frontal lectures and 4 hours of hands-on training. Students were encouraged to use PUD for individual practice. Finally, the students' proficiency in the acquisition of ultrasound images and their ability to recognize normal and pathological states were evaluated.
Sixteen of 27 (59%) students were able to demonstrate all main ultrasound views (parasternal, apical, and subcostal views) in a six-minute test. The most obtainable view was the parasternal long-axis view (89%) and the least obtainable was the subcostal view (58%). Ninety-seven percent of students correctly differentiated normal from severely reduced left ventricular function, 100% correctly differentiated a normal right ventricle from a severely hypokinetic one, 100% correctly differentiated a normal mitral valve from a rheumatic one, and 88% correctly differentiated a normal aortic valve from a calcified one, while 95% of them correctly identified the presence of pericardial effusion.
Training of medical students in cardiac ultrasound during the first clinical year using a short, focused course is feasible and enables students with modest ability to acquire the main transthoracic ultrasound views and gain proficiency in the diagnosis of a limited number of cardiac pathologies.
在短期课程中向医学生教授心脏超声检查是一项挑战。我们旨在评估在一个专门设计的短期课程中，使用便携式超声设备（PUD）向大批医学生教授心脏超声图像采集与解读的可行性。
31名处于临床第一年的医学生参与了该研究。他们在心脏超声使用方面均为新手。培训包括4小时的正面授课和4小时的实践操作培训。鼓励学生使用PUD进行个人练习。最后，评估学生采集超声图像的熟练程度及其识别正常和病理状态的能力。
在一项六分钟测试中，27名学生中有16名（59%）能够展示所有主要的超声视图（胸骨旁、心尖和肋下视图）。最容易获得的视图是胸骨旁长轴视图（89%），最难获得的是肋下视图（58%）。97%的学生能正确区分左心室功能正常与严重降低的情况，100%能正确区分正常右心室与运动严重减弱的右心室，100%能正确区分正常二尖瓣与风湿性二尖瓣，88%能正确区分正常主动脉瓣与钙化主动脉瓣，同时95%的学生能正确识别心包积液的存在。
在临床第一年使用简短、有针对性的课程对医学生进行心脏超声培训是可行的，并且能使能力一般的学生获得主要的经胸超声视图，并在诊断有限数量的心脏疾病方面达到熟练程度。
