Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center/ETEC Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Vaccine. 2017 Dec 14;35(49 Pt A):6803-6806. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.034. Epub 2017 May 27.
Robust and well-established immunological assays and firm immune correlates of protection that can predict disease outcome and/or vaccine efficacy are essential to adequately assess human immune responses to infection and vaccination. The availability of reagents and calibrated controls is also critically important to standardize assays and generate comparable results among different laboratories. The workshop "Human Immune Responses against Shigella and ETEC: Current Advances and the Path Forward" held during the VASE meeting provided an opportunity to disseminate and discuss recent advances in the field of Shigella and ETEC immunology, identify research needs, and propose collaborative activities to advance the field. Four presentations featured current knowledge on humoral and cellular immune responses to Shigella and ETEC during infection and vaccination. A discussion followed on immunological methods relevant for clinical studies, immune parameters associated with protection, harmonization of assays among laboratories, and availability of reagents and standards. Specific recommendations proposed to facilitate "the path forward" included supporting communication among scientists, harmonization of assays and sharing of protocols, the creation of a repository of reagents and calibrated controls and distribution of such material to the research community, and expansion of exploratory studies to better understand the interactions between these pathogens and the human immune system and the ensuing responses.
稳健且成熟的免疫学检测方法以及能够预测疾病结局和/或疫苗效果的明确免疫保护相关指标，对于充分评估人类针对感染和接种的免疫反应至关重要。试剂的可用性和经过校准的对照品对于标准化检测以及在不同实验室之间产生可比结果也至关重要。在 VASE 会议期间举行的“人类针对志贺氏菌和肠产毒性大肠杆菌的免疫反应：当前进展和未来方向”研讨会上，提供了一个机会来传播和讨论志贺氏菌和肠产毒性大肠杆菌免疫学领域的最新进展，确定研究需求，并提出合作活动来推进该领域。四个专题介绍了感染和接种期间针对志贺氏菌和肠产毒性大肠杆菌的体液和细胞免疫反应的最新知识。随后讨论了与临床研究相关的免疫学方法、与保护相关的免疫参数、实验室之间检测方法的协调以及试剂和标准品的可用性。为了促进“未来的发展”而提出的具体建议包括支持科学家之间的交流、检测方法的协调以及方案的共享、建立试剂和校准对照品的存储库，并将此类材料分发给研究界，以及扩大探索性研究以更好地了解这些病原体与人类免疫系统之间的相互作用以及由此产生的反应。
