Wilson David Sloan
Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060.
Evolution. 1987 Sep;41(5):1059-1070. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05876.x.
A group-selection model is presented in which each group is initiated by a single fertilized female and persists for several generations before dispersal. Maynard Smith (1964) concluded that altruism could not plausibly evolve under these circumstances. I show that his conclusion is an artifact of a simplifying assumption that amounts to a worst-case scenario for group selection. When the standard donor-recipient equations for altruistic behavior are used in Maynard Smith's model, Mendelian populations derived from sibling groups are often more favorable for the evolution of altruism than are the sibling groups themselves. In general, long-term and large-scale aspects of population structure may at times be important in the evolution of altruistic and other group-advantageous behaviors.
本文提出了一种群体选择模型，其中每个群体由一只受精雌虫创建，并在扩散前持续几代。梅纳德·史密斯（1964年）得出结论，在这种情况下利他行为不太可能进化。我表明，他的结论是一个简化假设的产物，该假设相当于群体选择的最坏情况。当将利他行为的标准 donor-recipient 方程用于梅纳德·史密斯的模型时，源自同胞群体的孟德尔群体通常比对同胞群体本身更有利于利他行为的进化。一般来说，种群结构的长期和大规模方面有时可能在利他行为和其他群体优势行为的进化中很重要。
