Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Semin Liver Dis. 2017 May;37(2):141-151. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1601351. Epub 2017 May 31.
Liver possesses many critical functions such as synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism. It continually receives nutrient-rich blood from gut, which incidentally is also toxin-rich. That may be why liver is uniquely bestowed with a capacity to regenerate. A commonly studied procedure to understand the cellular and molecular basis of liver regeneration is that of surgical resection. Removal of two-thirds of the liver in rodents or patients instigates alterations in hepatic homeostasis, which are sensed by the deficient organ to drive the restoration process. Although the exact mechanisms that initiate regeneration are unknown, alterations in hemodynamics and metabolism have been suspected as important effectors. Key signaling pathways are activated that drive cell proliferation in various hepatic cell types through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Once the prehepatectomy mass is regained, the process of regeneration is adequately terminated. This review highlights recent discoveries in the cellular and molecular basis of liver regeneration.
肝脏具有许多重要功能，如合成、解毒和代谢。它不断从肠道接收富含营养的血液，而肠道碰巧也是富含毒素的。这也许就是为什么肝脏具有独特的再生能力。一种常用于研究肝脏再生的细胞和分子基础的方法是手术切除。在啮齿动物或患者中切除肝脏的三分之二会引发肝内稳态的改变，这种改变会被受损的器官感知，从而驱动修复过程。尽管启动再生的确切机制尚不清楚，但血液动力学和代谢的改变已被怀疑是重要的效应物。通过自分泌和旁分泌机制，激活了关键的信号通路，从而驱动各种肝实质细胞的增殖。一旦恢复术前的肝脏质量，再生过程就会充分终止。本文综述了肝脏再生的细胞和分子基础的最新发现。
