Winterbottom Richard, McLennan Deborah A
Department of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada.
Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada.
Evolution. 1993 Oct;47(5):1557-1571. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb02175.x.
A highly corroborated cladogram of acanthuroid fishes is used to explore several aspects of the biogeographic and microevolutionary events during the evolution of the group. Five events in acanthuroid evolution are documented here, which demonstrate not only the power of cladograms to provide adaptational hypotheses, but also how they can be used to frame significant questions for further research. Biogeographic analysis indicates that basal cladogenesis of the acanthuroids must have occurred prior to the Eocene (50-55 mya), because at least the basal lineages of the Acanthuridae, one of the last acanthuroid families to have evolved, were present at that time. In addition, optimization of current distributions suggests that the ancestors of the Acanthurinae, of the Acanthuridae, and of the Acanthuroidei each had an Indo-West Pacific distribution. Subsequent dispersion and/or speciation in one or more of these lineages may have been related either to the closure of the Tethys (ca 20 mya), or to colonization from the Pacific of the Caribbean/Atlantic prior to the formation of the Panamanian isthmus. Hypotheses about adaptation in acanthuroids begin with a discussion of several cases of dietary plasticity. The importance of information from fossils is illustrated in an investigation of predorsal bone evolution. Morphologically divergent and convergent tendencies in the modification of the pelvic fins concludes the examples. The morphologically most derived genus, Ctenochaetus, seems the least active taxon evolutionarily in the characters investigated.
一幅得到高度证实的刺尾鱼科鱼类系统发育树状图被用于探究该类群进化过程中生物地理和微观进化事件的几个方面。本文记录了刺尾鱼科鱼类进化过程中的五个事件，这些事件不仅展示了系统发育树状图在提供适应性假说方面的作用，还展示了如何利用它们来提出有待进一步研究的重要问题。生物地理分析表明，刺尾鱼科鱼类的基部类群分化必定发生在始新世（5000 - 5500万年前）之前，因为当时至少已经出现了最后进化的刺尾鱼科鱼类之一——刺尾鱼科的基部谱系。此外，对当前分布的优化表明，刺尾鱼科刺尾鱼亚科、刺尾鱼科以及刺尾鱼目的祖先各自都分布于印度 - 西太平洋地区。这些谱系中一个或多个谱系随后的扩散和/或物种形成可能与特提斯海的闭合（约2000万年前）有关，或者与巴拿马地峡形成之前从太平洋向加勒比海/大西洋的殖民有关。关于刺尾鱼科鱼类适应性的假说始于对几个食性可塑性案例的讨论。在对背前骨进化的研究中说明了化石信息的重要性。对臀鳍形态变化中形态趋异和趋同趋势的研究结束了这些例子。形态进化程度最高的栉齿刺尾鱼属在研究的特征方面似乎是进化上最不活跃的分类单元。
