Mudrazija Stipica, Johnson Richard W, Wang Claire Xiaozhi
1 Urban Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
J Aging Health. 2017 Sep;29(6):1096-1115. doi: 10.1177/0898264317711608. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
This study examines differences in retirement decisions between older Hispanics and non-Hispanics, with a special focus on the role of nativity.
We use 1998-2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. We estimate survival models of retirement and compare retirement transitions for U.S.-born Hispanics, foreign-born Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, and non-Hispanic Blacks.
Foreign-born Hispanics retire significantly later than other racial and ethnic groups. Controlling for personal characteristics, their risk of retirement is 39% lower compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Retirement transitions do not differ significantly between U.S.-born Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites.
Difference in retirement timing between U.S.- and foreign-born Hispanics may partly be due to lower incomes and wealth accumulation of foreign-born Hispanics. Workforce development initiatives, policy initiatives promoting retirement savings, and Social Security reforms could improve future retirement security for older Hispanics, and make retirement a viable option for more foreign-born Hispanics.
本研究考察老年西班牙裔与非西班牙裔在退休决策上的差异，特别关注出生地的作用。
我们使用1998 - 2012年的健康与退休研究数据。我们估计退休的生存模型，并比较美国出生的西班牙裔、外国出生的西班牙裔、非西班牙裔白人以及非西班牙裔黑人的退休转变情况。
外国出生的西班牙裔比其他种族和族裔群体退休显著更晚。在控制个人特征后，与非西班牙裔白人相比，他们退休的风险低39%。美国出生的西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人之间的退休转变没有显著差异。
美国出生和外国出生的西班牙裔在退休时间上的差异可能部分归因于外国出生的西班牙裔收入和财富积累较低。劳动力发展倡议、促进退休储蓄的政策倡议以及社会保障改革可以改善老年西班牙裔未来的退休保障，并使退休成为更多外国出生的西班牙裔可行的选择。
