Lariscy Joseph T, Hummer Robert A, Hayward Mark D
Population Research Institute and Department of Sociology, Duke University, 271 Soc-Psyc Building, Campus Box 90088, Durham, NC, 27708, USA,
Demography. 2015 Feb;52(1):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s13524-014-0357-y.
Hispanics make up a rapidly growing proportion of the U.S. older adult population, so a firm grasp of their mortality patterns is paramount for identifying racial/ethnic differences in life chances in the population as a whole. Documentation of Hispanic mortality is also essential for assessing whether the Hispanic paradox--the similarity in death rates between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites despite Hispanics' socioeconomic disadvantage--characterizes all adult Hispanics or just some age, gender, nativity, or national-origin subgroups. We estimate age-/sex- and cause-specific mortality rate ratios and life expectancy for foreign-born and U.S.-born Hispanics, foreign-born and U.S.-born Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites ages 65 and older using the 1989-2006 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files. Results affirm that Hispanic mortality estimates are favorable relative to those of blacks and whites, but particularly so for foreign-born Hispanics and smoking-related causes. However, if not for Hispanics' socioeconomic disadvantage, their mortality levels would be even more favorable.
西班牙裔在美国老年人口中所占比例迅速增长,因此,要确定总体人口中不同种族/族裔在生存机会上的差异,牢牢掌握他们的死亡率模式至关重要。记录西班牙裔的死亡率对于评估西班牙裔悖论(即尽管西班牙裔在社会经济方面处于劣势,但他们与非西班牙裔白人的死亡率相似)是否适用于所有成年西班牙裔,还是仅适用于某些年龄、性别、出生地或祖籍亚组也至关重要。我们使用1989 - 2006年全国健康访谈调查关联死亡率文件,估算了65岁及以上的外国出生和美国出生的西班牙裔、外国出生和美国出生的墨西哥裔美国人、非西班牙裔黑人以及非西班牙裔白人的年龄/性别和特定病因死亡率比及预期寿命。结果证实,西班牙裔的死亡率估计相对于黑人和白人是有利的,尤其是外国出生的西班牙裔以及与吸烟相关的病因。然而,如果不是西班牙裔在社会经济方面的劣势,他们的死亡率水平会更有利。